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Summary Chemie van die lewe Graad 10 Lewenswetenskap Opsommings R55,00   Add to cart

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Summary Chemie van die lewe Graad 10 Lewenswetenskap Opsommings

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Hoë kwaliteit, netjies getikte en volledige opsommings van Chemie van die lewe

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By: RinaU • 1 year ago

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beternotas
Chemie van die lewe
Organiese stowwe
-bestaan hoofsaaklik uit die elemente koolstof(C), waterstof(H),
suurstof(O)
-daar is 5 tipes organiese bindings nl.:
1.Koolhidrate
2.Lipiedes
3.Proteïene
4.Vitamienes
5.Nukliensure


1.Koolhidrate
-opgebou uit die elemente: C, H, O
-verder opgebou uit ringvormige eenhede wat sakkariede is
-daar is 3 groepe nl.:
1.Monosakkariede
2.Disakkariede
3.Polisakkariede


1.MONOSAKKARIEDE
-is suikers
-hulle proe soet en is oplosbaar in water
-hulle is enkelringstrukture en daar word onder die volgende onderskei:
-glukose, fruktose, galaktose



2.DISAKKARIEDE
-is suikers
-proe soet en is oplosbaar in water
-vorm wanneer twee monosakksriede aan mekaar verbind
-maltose, sukrose en laktose


3.POLISAKKARIEDE
-is nie suikers nie
-proe nie soet nie, is oplosbaar in water
-lang kettings monosakkariede wat tydens kondensasie reaksies verbind
-3 tipes:-stysel(vorm wanneer glukose in plante gestoor word)
-glikogeen(vorm wanneer glukose in mense en diere gestoor word)
-sellulose(struktuele komponent in selwande)


FUNKSIES VAN KOOLHIDRATE
-stoor energie: stysel in plante en diere
-hoofbron van energie: sellulêre respirasie
-strukturele komponent: selwande bestaan uit sellulose, wat hulle stewig
maak

, 2.Lipiedes
-opgebou uit die elemente C, H en O
-boustene: gliserol en vetsure
-1 lipied bestaan uit 1 gliserolmolekule en 3 vetsuurmolekules
-oplosbaar in eter en alkohol
-is hidrofobies (stoot water af)
-onderskei tussen:


1.VERSADIGDE VETTE
-is hoofsaaklik van dierlike oorsprong bv. botter
-vastestowwe by kamertemperatuur
-enkelbindings tussen koolstowwe en vetsure


2.ONVERSADIGDE VETTE
-plantaardige oorsprong bv. olyfolie, canola olie, sonneblom olie
-vloeistowwe by kamertemperatuur
-dubbel en trippelbindings in sekere vetsure


CHOLESTEROL
-oormatige inname van versadigde vette lei tot hoë cholesterol vlakke in
die bloed
-hoë cholesterolvlakke in die bloed veroorsaak vetaanpaksels (plaak) in die
slagare
-hierdie plaak vernou die slagare
-vernouing van slagare word asterosklerose genoem
-bloedplaatjies pak saam en vorm 'n bloedklont
-die bloedklonte kan hartaanvalle en beroertes veroorsaak


FUNKSIES VAN LIPIEDES:
1.Skokabsorpsie: omring die organe met n vetlaag, beskerm die liggaan teen
meganiese beserings
2.Reserwe-energiebron: wanneer vetmolekules afgebreek word, stel dit baie
energie vry
3.Versakf struktuur: fosfolipiede in selmembrane
4.Isoleringsmateriaal: vet onder die vel
5.Waterdigting: waslae (kutikula) op sekere plante
6.Absorpsie van vitamiene: vetoplosbare vitamiene A, D, E ,K kan slegs
geabsorbeer word as dit in vet opgelos is
7.Bron van water: kamele se boggels

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