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Summary Climatology simplified

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This summary will equip you with everything you need heading into your final IEB examinations. This summary is aligned with the IEB SAGs document, meaning you CANNOT be tested on ANYTHING that isn't included in this summary. This summary is not only beneficial for grade 12 pupils but for grade 10 -...

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  • July 20, 2021
  • 25
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary

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,Mid-latitude Cyclones
AKA frontal depressions

Terminology:
Jet stream Narrow band of very strong westerly
air encircling the globe at 10 -15 km
above earth.

Divergence Horizontal movement of air out of a
region.

Convergence Horizontal movement of air into a
region.

Front Leading edge of air mass.

Cold front Cold air mass moves against and pushes
in under a warmer air mass.

Warm front Warm air mass rises over a cold air
mass.

Occluded front Cold front overtaking a warm front.




General characteristics:
• Move west to east.
• Air moves clockwise (South)
• Occur in westerly wind belt.
• Occur in families.

, Areas of formation:
• Develop at polar front.
o Warmer westerlies meet cold polar easterlies at polar front.
• Between 40° & 60° N & S. 1

Conditions for formation:
• At 50° N & S, the polar front separates the warm tropical air & cold polar air.
• Cooler air is pushed underneath.
• Warmer air is pushed up.
• Change in polar front can be caused by a jet stream, mountain range or
shape of coastline.


If you have come this far in memorising the above information – TAKE A 5 MIN
BREAK.




Stages of formation:
Initial stage:
• Polar front separates the cold polar air from warm tropical air.
• No movement across polar front.
• Air masses do not mix.
o Due to cold air being heavy & dense and warm air being less dense.

Development stage:
• Frictional drag occurs.
o Disturbs the front.
• Warm, less dense air is pushed up by cold, dense air.

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