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IGCSE Grade 10/11 Biology Summary - Chapter 4-6
This document is a summary of the IGCSE Biology Chapters 4-6.
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The chemical process of life80% of the body is water
Metabolism meaning -> The chemical reactions which occur
inside each living organism all the time
Metabolic reactions take place when chemicals dissolve in water
Water is needed for dissolving enzymes and to get rid of waste products
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates include starches and sugars
Carb - Carbon(c), hydrogen(h) and oxygen(o)
Examples:
- Simple sugars or monosaccharides
- Complex sugars or disaccharides
- Sucrose
- Maltose
- Polysaccharides = Many simple sugars
- Cellulose
- Starch
Animal cells contain a polysaccharide called glycogen.
Carbohydrate Energy - 1g = 15kJ
Human blood contains dissolved glucose being transported
to all cells. Plants also use glucose in respiration
to provide them with energy and transport around sucrose
not glucose as sucrose is easy to change to strach
and back to sucrose.
Animals do not store starch but rather store polysaccharides in the form of glycogen
, Test for carbohydrates:
Iodine:
Starch = blue-black,
No starch = orange-brown
Questions
4.1) The chemical processes all living organisms experience
all the time which requires water
4.2) This is due to the fact able to perform the metabolic
processes as the chemicals cannot react with anything
4.3) Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen
4.4) 6 c, 6o, 12 h
4.5)
a)monosaccharides
b)polysaccharides
c)polysaccharides
4.6)
a)Glucose
b) Glycogen
c)no
d)sucrose)
e)yes
Fats
Fats - Also known as lipids
Lipids - Carbon(c), hydrogen(h) and oxygen(o)
Lipids - Glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid molecules
Fats is insoluble
Fats and oils used in cells to release energy
Mammals have fat underneath the skin. This cell is called adipose tissue.
This maintains heat inside the body.
The oils provide a good store of energy for germination
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