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Summary Cells: Basic Form Of Life
Easy to understand notes on cells and their properties, as well as mitosis. Well organised and well typed. Includes diagrams and definitions and all you need to know.
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PARTS OF A LIGHT MICROSCOPEFUNCTIONS OF MICROSCOPE
, calculating total magnification:
total magnification = magnification of eyepiece lens X magnification of objective lens
- a cell is the smallest unit of life – mostly made up of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic
acids, water
- both plant and animals cells consists of a cell nucleus, cytoplasm and a cell membrane
- not all cells contain a nucleus (bacteria)
prokaryotic cell – cell without a nucleus
eukaryotic cell – cell with a nucleus
- ratio of surface area : volume is large as it facilitates the movement of substances into and
out of the cell, but the volume must be small enough for easy diffusion of substances
- all cells don’t look the same; size, shape and structure change to perform specific functions
[differentiation]
- cells become specialised to perform a specific function [specialisation]
eg: muscle cells contract and relax
nerve cells conduct impulses
glandular cells secrete substances (secretion)
MAIN COMPONENTS OF PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS
- all cells are made up of protoplasm (the living material in plant and animal cells)
- plant cells also have a non-living part, the cell wall, surrounding the living component,
protoplasm – animal cells don’t have cell walls
- protoplasm consists of the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm in the nucleus
- all organelles occur within the cytoplasm which is enclosed by cell membrane or plasma
membrane
organelle: a membrane-bound structure that is found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that
performs a specific function
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