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26/2/19POL1032: Lecture 9
Post-colonialism
Bibliographical details:
Frantz Fanon. Born July 1925 in French colony of Martinique
Middle class family; assimilation and identification with colonial culture
Studied psychiatry and medicine after the war where he experiences racism
Died aged 36.
Wrote Wretched of the Earth
Influences on Fanon
Aime Cesaire
Hegel and Marx
Sartre (existenalialism)
Sartre writes the preface for the Wretched of the Earth
1961, Death of Lumumba – first black president – key figure in independence of African
people – executed after legal independence from Belgium – sad moment for colonialism
The Wretched of the Earth
Theory of decolonization
Struggle faced by colonized people and how to mobilise a mass movement that is
able to attain genuine sovergnity for the nation
Psychological and material aspects of (de)colonization
Provides a class analysis and warns against continuation of colonialism by other
means
Demonstrates how legacies of colonialism survive the immediate moment of the
legal independence
Critique of colonial rule:
Leads to feeling of inferiority and dejection among the colonised population
Eurocentric education systems enforce idea of the superiority of the “motherland”
Colonised people forever live in fear… fear of the police, army or European
employer… tension builds, oppressive situation
Violence exercised by the colonial authorities gives rise to violence committed by the
colonised people themselves; this is proportionate to the violence they have suffered
Colonialism survives through strategies of divide and rule; it reinforces and
exaggerates sectarian and tribal differences among the masses.
Tackling the inferiority complex:
Moral bankruptcy of European civilization, particularly in terms of the violent
conduct of colonial powers
Education and empowerment of the masses as of the benefits of their own culture
Neo-colonialism:
Warns that while states may gain de jure independence that nevertheless genuine
sovergnity may be difficult to attain in international system
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