Includes all of Newton’s laws including Newton’s law of universal gravitation. It also contains geometrical optics which focuses on refraction but also explores reflection abs the properties of light.
Forces
Non-contact Contact
e.g. Magnetic force e.g. Friction
Gravitational Force (Fg)~ force the Earth exerts on an object that is close to its
surface
Fg=mg g~ gravitational constant *always acts downwards
Normal Force (N) ~ perpendicular fore exerted by surface on object
Frictional Force (Ff) ~ opposes motion of an object and acts parallel to surface object
is in contact with
*Frictional force is directly proportional to normal force
Static Friction (Fs)~ counteracts the tendency of movement of a stationery object
Fs=μn μ~ coefficient of static friction
Kinetic Friction (Fk) ~ counteracts the tendency of movement in a moving object
Fk=μn μ~ coefficient of kinetic friction
Free body diagrams
Force diagrams
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