Class notes PHARMACOLOGY (BASICS) Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, ISBN: 9789352704996
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Course
PHARMACOLOGY (BASICS)
Institution
Bachelor Of Pharmacy
Book
Essentials of Medical Pharmacology
This notes are important for the students are preparing for the competitive exams after pharmacy. Basics and Classification of drugs are describes by simple words.
Kindly refer this notes and review me to improve.
, Introduction
• First time suggested by Sir Henry Dale
• Wide distribution
• Adrenergic neurons are also present in CNS
(hypothalamus and reticular formation)
• Three endogenous catecholamines
(Catechol nucleus + an amine)
Eg. Adrenaline (Epi), Nor-adrenaline
(NE), Dopamine (DA)
• Isoprenaline is not endogenously present (Benzene ring with
2 adjacent OH groups)
in the body
, Noradrenergic transmission
• Adrenaline: It is secreted by adrenal medulla
and also have transmitter role in the brain
• Nor-adrenaline: Act as NT at post ganglionic
sympathetic sites
• Dopamine: Major NT in basal ganglia, limbic
system, CTZ, anterior pituitory etc.
• Isoprenaline: Synthetic derivative of NA; not
found in the body
, History of NA
• Oliver and Schaffer (1895) first reported that injection of
extracts of adrenal glands in cat increases BP
• Takamine (1901) purified active principle of adrenal
gland and named it as ADRENALINE
• Henry Dale (1906) observed in anesthetized cat that the
rise in BP by iv injections of ADR could be changed to
fall in BP on pre-treatment with ERGOT.
“VASOMOTOR REVERSAL OF DALE”
• This experiment showed that ADR caused two distinct
effects i.e. vasoconstriction and vasodilatation. This effect
give rise to the concept of different sets of receptors for
Adrenergic NS.
• Ergot blocked vasoconstrictor effect (α1) without
interfering with vasodilatation effect (β2)
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