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GGH2601 Assignment 3
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- University Of South Africa (Unisa)
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Justin Krause 64317390 GGH2601ASSIGNMENT 3 GGH2601
UNIQUE ASSIGNMENT NUMBER: 658996
DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY
Student name: JUSTIN KRAUSE
Student number: 64317390
1. I understand what plagiarism is and am aware of the University’s policy in this regard.
2. I declare that this portfolio is my own original work. Where other people’s work has been
used (from a printed source, the internet, or any other source), this has been properly
acknowledged and referenced.
3. I have not used work previously produced by another student or any other person, to
hand in as my own.
4. I have not allowed and will not allow anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing
it off as his or her own work.
Signature: JKRAUSE
Date: 20 September 2021
, Justin Krause 64317390 GGH2601
PART 1: discuss the impacts of urbanization on the African continent in terms of
human settlements, employment and service delivery
Countries around the world have various speeds and rates of urbanization and Africa boasts
the highest rate of urbanization in global standings (Guneralp, Lwasa, Masundire, Parnell &
Seto, 2017). The booming population of the continent may still reside rural areas, but with
seven megacities in the region, it is clear evidence of the rate of urbanization that is
currently happening. The population of Africa is expected to triple by the year 2050,
meaning that there will be limited job opportunities and very poor standard of living seen in
many of these countries. The GDP in African countries is relatively low meaning that
Africans will have to pay more for housing and transport to live. The idea of urbanization
places more pressure on citizens as these relatively poor countries will struggle to keep up
with job demand due to the explosive nature of the population (Madden & Gutman, 2020).
A large part of urbanization is when people move from rural to urban areas (this is known as
rural-urban migration). African governments in numerous countries are discouraging this
migration due to the fact that cities become overcrowded and there is a shortage of housing
for these citizens. Able bodied men leave their rural areas in hope of finding better
employment in urban regions, leaving women children and the elderly in these settlements.
These people then have to run the homes and do all the other primary activities that the able
bodied men once did. Due to the limited availability of housing in these urban areas has
resulted in the development of slums, with characteristics of overcrowded housing, poor
living conditions and insufficient service delivery (Teye, 2018). Existing housing plans in
urban areas did not take into account the rapid urbanization that would take place, therefore
most of the buildings in these cities cannot accommodate for larger amounts of people as it
will diminish the quality that is provided to the citizens (Dhlamini, 2018). People in need of
housing have resulted to folding informal houses that do not meet the necessary criteria for
being safe. According to the United Nations, more than 56% of urban households where in
slum like conditions (2018). As echoed by many authors stated above, The United nations
stated that due to the high increase of population and rates of urbanization, Countries in
Africa are not able to keep up with demand and cannot build adequate housing to meet the
required demand.
African continent is known for its high unemployment rates which includes a high youth
unemployment rate. People are moving from rural areas to more urban areas in Africa in
hopes to find better employment and standard of living, but most of the case is that there are
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