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Summary Onderwerp 2 - Biodiversiteit en klassifikasie (Kwartaal 3)

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In lyn met KABV / CAPS dokument. (Hulpbronne geraadpleeg: LW 3-in-1, X-kit Presteer en Ace it) Biodiversiteit en klassifikasie; klassifikasie van organismes; prokariote en eukariote; benoeming van spesies

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  • November 2, 2021
  • 2
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary

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LEWENSWETENSKAPPE GRAAD 10: OPSOMMINGS ©
ONDERWERP 2: BIODIVERSITEIT EN KLASSIFIKASIE:
BIODIVERSITEIT VAN LEWE OP AARDE –
Biodiversiteit = verskeidenheid lewende organismes wat op aarde voorkom.

Biodiversiteit in Suider-Afrika:
 Inheemse spesies
 Spesies wat natuurlik in ‘n bepaalde land of streek voorkom.

 Uitheemse spesies
 Spesies wat nie natuurlik in ‘n bepaalde land of streek voorkom nie, maar
wat per ongeluk of doelbewus vanaf ‘n ander land of streek daarnatoe
gebring is.

 Endemiese spesies
 Spesies wat slegs in een land of streek voorkom en nêrens anders in die
wêreld nie (Suikerbekkie, oewerkoenyn en disa).

Klassifikasie van organismes –
Wetenskaplikes het klassifikasiestelsels ontwerp as ‘n manier om biodiversiteit te organiseer.
 Klassifikasie = sortering en groepering van organismes met soortgelyke eienskappe.
 Takson = groepe waarin organismes verdeel word.
 Taksonomie = Formele wetenskaplike klassifikasie van organismes.


Geskiedenis van klassifikasie:
Verskillende klassifikasiestelsels oor die jare ontwerp.
1. Tweerykstelsel
 Carl Linnaues (Sweede botanis) het lewende organismes in twee ryke verdeel,
naamlik Plantae (plante) en Animalia (diere).




 Linnaues het ‘n hiërargiese klassifikasiestelsel ontwerp, waar sewe kategorieë
(taksons) in elke Ryk gebruik is.




 Kategorieë is op gedeelde fisiese kenmerke binne elke groep gebaseer.

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