Proven A+ notes summarising high-yield Pharmacology concepts on drugs that affect the respiratory system, including: drugs for coughing, drugs using in cold and flu preparations and drugs used for treating asthma.
pulmonary, auricular, pharyngeal,
Sensory Excitatory Area
superior laryngeal, gastric) and cardiac +
esophageal branches from diaphragm
Cough Centre in the Medulla
Vagus Nerve Phrenic Nerve Spinal Nerves
injury to various branches of Diaphragm and external intercostal
the vagus nerve have been muscles (innervated by segmental
described as potential causes intercostal nerves) contract, creating a
of unexplained chronic cough. negative pressure around the lung.
Patients Air rushes into the lungs in order to
equalise the pressure.
Copyright F Khan 2021
,Respiratory drugs
Components of the Cough Reflex
Sensory Excitatory Area Cough Centre in the Medulla Effector Organ
Dry Cough Wet Cough
Anti-Tussives Expectorants Mucolytics
Copyright F Khan 2021
, Cough Medication
Classes of Cough Medication
Anti-Tussives Expectorants Mucolytics
Class MOA Indication Drugs
Opioid Suppress cough center in • Dry, chronic unproductive Limited Use
Analgesics the medulla coughs *Risk of addiction
*Side-effects
• Exhausts the patient *Not recommended
Anti-Tussives
for kids under 2.
• Not associated with viral Codeine Phosphate
or bacterial Diyhdrocodeine
infections. Methadone
Safer Use
• Noscapine
• Pholcodine
• Dextromethorphan
Expectorants increasing water Sodium Citrate
Emetics component. Extract Squill Liquid
• Helps get rid of mucus
through coughing.
IV dextrose in • Dissolves muco- • Wet, productive coughs ABCD
water. Often polysaccharides in • Viral/bacterial infections (N) Acetycysteine
Mucolytics
prescribed with mucus: liquefying it. Bromhexine
bronchodilator. Carbocisteine
• Reduces mucus Dornase Alfa
viscosity. (inhalation soln)
Copyright F Khan 2021
, Cold and Flu Preparations
Caused by VIRAL infection
Symptomatic Treatment for
Pain Fever Nasal Congestion
Class Uses Drugs
Antiviral medication
• Inhibits viral growth Osteltamivir
• Oseltamivir used for prophylaxis and Zanamivir
treatment
• Zanamivir used to treat influence A&B in
adults
Drugs for pain and fever
Decongestants • Sympathomimetics which cause Oxy-metazoline
vasoconstriction and reduce odema of nasal Xylo-metazoline
mucosa. Phenylephrine
Drugs for nasal congestion
Pseudo-ephidrene
Antihistamines • Anticholinergic effects which dry up mucous Promethazine
secretions. Diphenhydramine
Cyclizine
Copyright F Khan 2021
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