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Summary Memory
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- Psychology
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- Psychology
A summary of Memory of Ciccarelli and White's Psychology: An exploration.
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MemoryWhat Are The Three Processes Of Memory And The Different Models Of How
Memory Works?
Memory can be defined as an active system that receives information from the senses,
organises and alters it as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from
storage.
Putting It In: Encoding
Encoding is the process of putting information into the memory system,
converting information into a form that is usable in the brains storage.
Keeping It In: Storage
Storage keeps information in the memory system for varying lengths of time
depending on needs.
Getting It Out: Retrieval
Retrieval, or pulling up information from memory, is the biggest problem for many
people.
Models of Memory
Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) Model.
Information is simultaneously stored across an interconnected neural network
that stretches across the brain.
Levels-Of-Processing Model
Information that is more deeply processes is more likely to be remembered.
, The Information-Processing Model: Three Stages of Memory
How Does Sensory Memory Work?
Sensory memory is the first stage of memory, at which point information enters
the nervous system.
Iconic sensory memory is the visual sensory memory, in which an afterimage or
icon will be held in neural form for about one fourth to one half of a second.
Some people also have eidetic memory or the ability to access visual memory
over longer period than that.
Echoic sensory memory is the auditory form of sensory and takes the form of an
echo that lasts for up to four seconds.
What Is Short-Term Memory, And How Does It Differ From Working Memory?
Short-Term and Working Memory
Short-term memory is where information is held while it is conscious and being
used.
The process of selective attention, or focusing on only one stimulus out of many,
is the first stage of STM.
Working memory is considered to be an active set of three systems for
processing information in STM, including a central executive, a visual
“sketchpad” and an auditory “recorder”.
It holds about 7 plus or minus 2 chunks of information and lasts about 30
seconds without rehearsal.
STM can be lost through failure to rehearse, decay, interference by similar
information, and the intrusion of new information into the STM system, which
pushes older information out.
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