A brief summary that covers all the different hominids discovered and their characteristics and the order in which they occurred.
Please note that this summary is not in-depth enough to learn from alone. It is only to help you revise certain concepts.
world 's oldest extant people
1st bipedal primates
Larger brain than Australopithecus
→ →
Oldest living population on Earth !
→
" "
→
Ape-men : make tools
,
fire and develop languages
→
Descendants of Homo sapiens
→
Skull is more human like -
Australopithecus afarensis
E.
g Lucy
Afar Ethiopia
,
Homo habilis "
Handy Man
"
(Oldman tool culture ) Homo sapiens sapiens
→
→
bipedal °
lived alongside Australopithecus Modern humans
→
Can change environment
Ape-like face Larger brain (more developed) make tools to suit needs
→ → =
/ short
→
First →
On brink of extinction due
long legs stone tools to
→
arms to use
→
brain size similar to apes environmental destruction .
" "
Homo erectus Upright man
Australopithecus africanus →
First hominids to
migrate
Eg Taung child Kimberly Eg .
Turkana boy ( Kenya) Interdependence of hominid skills
( Discovered =
Raymond Dart) Peking man China)
Bipedalism
°
→
bipedal Java man (Indonesia) : -
Efficient movement
→
Small brain
→
stone i. bone tools & Hunters
-
Carry hunted prey
→
human -
like teeth →
First to use fire
-
See potential food sources
✗ Need skills to succeed
tool-making .
*
Sterkfontein Homo neanderthal ensis
Eg Mrs Pies
(Discovered
→
Europe i. Asia Tool
Robert Broom) making More developed larger prey
° -
: -
=
=
Bipedal (foramen Magnum position ! ) Brains larger than A. sapien
'
→ →
i. more protein intake
Dentition language not well developed
=
plant based diet brain development
→
= . =
Improved
→
Hunters
°
Fire making
Australopithecus wore skins as clothes Requires large
→ :
sediba brain capacity
-
-
life )
→
buried dead spiritual
"
(
"
Eg Woman i. boy lkarabo) =
depends on diet and hunting skills .
Malapa cradle of Humankind -
Access to
greater range of food
( Discovered Homo sapiens
=
Lee Berger ) : further brain development
→
Direct ancestors of modern humans
Most complete early hominid
→
(spears /arrows / hooks)
→
→
Transitional fossil between A. africanus Better skills i. more advanced tools .
°
Hunting i. development of culture : -
burials and form
and H
→
lived in tents
.
sapien .
of art depend on
→
i.
adapted for climbing but was bipedal Agriculture language and communication
→
Wore
i.
had brow ridge i. small brain but size jewellery +
painted body
shows more advanced brain than Australopithecus .
→
Rituals for hunting birth i. death ,
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