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Summary IEB Grade 12 Geography Notes : Urban climates R50,00   Add to cart
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Summary IEB Grade 12 Geography Notes : Urban climates
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Summarised notes based off of the Focus Grade 12 Geography Book. These notes include information on urban climates, artificial sources of heat, greening, ways to improve urban areas, important terminology such as Hydroscopic Particles and more...

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  • January 5, 2022
  • 2
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary

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Notes Created By Chanelle. B



Urban Climates
Microclimate of a city:
- Temperatures, humidity and rainfall are different

Temperatures
Cities are warmer because:
- artificial materials (concrete/bricks) ---> absorb more heat
- artificial sources of heat (air conditions/ power stations/ car engines/ people)
- water is taken away in drains/ fewer plants
- High buildings have larger surface areas ---> absorbs heat
- Polluted air ---> slower cooling at night

Humidity
- Humidity of air describes amount of water vapour in air
- Cities are less humid ---> water is carried away by drains/ fewer plants

Rainfall
- Greater over cities
- Includes mist/ fog/ clouds/ dew/ frost/ rain/ snow
- Water vapour only condenses if hygroscopic nuclei exists
- Pollution promotes condensation
- Hotter air creates upward convection currents ---> thunderstorms

Hygroscopic nuclei:
Particles in air (e.g. smoke, salt, dust) that attract water vapour and provide a surface
for water vapour to condense

Urban heat islands:
- Central part of city is warmer than suburban/rural areas
- Hot air rises above centre
- Cool air moves in from rural areas ---> replaces hot air
- Heat island is dome shaped cushion of warm air ---> dominant air pressure over
region is anticyclonic ---> subsiding warm air ---> polluted air cant rise high into
atmosphere
- Heat islands are smaller at night
- City cools, hot air rising is weak, surfaces lose heat quicky




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