All questions with answers from past exams () and assignments from 2014 and 2015. Very easy to study from. Make sure to add the 2015 past paper questions as there were a few new questions in those papers
CMY2603 Past Paper Questions
Compiled by Kayleigh John
Based on past papers 2012-2014 and
assignments from 2014-2015
*Answers were all found in the text book
,CMY2603 Past Paper Questions
A neighborhood characterized by …and …is likely to produce a
child who is at high risk of becoming involved in misbehavior
o Poverty and unemployment
In South Africa, a significant number of children as young as 10
are addicted to drugs such as
o Dagga
o Heroin
o Tik
Gangs are generally characterized by their specific objectives
such as
o Sexual misbehavior, drug abuse, vandalism
o Robbery, motor vehicle theft
o Attacking and assaulting rival gang members
…. Can be defined as the need to ingest larger doses of a specific
substance to achieve the same effect that was previously
achieved with smaller doses
o Tolerance
…and …may contribute directly to violent crime, especially if it
occurs in a group context where there is strong social pressure to
conform to group’s rules and where there are rituals
o Substance abuse and excessive alcohol use
According to research, there is an association between episodes
of violent behavior and abnormal levels of male sex hormones
known as
o Androgens
Youth sexual offenders tend to be from a lower socioeconomic
class compared with other criminal youths. Their home life is
characterized by family and parental pathology including
o Physical abuse and neglect
The usage of this drug is spreading rapidly among the school-
going population. It is used as a recreational drug for the intense
euphoria it produces
o Heroin
Female gang members commit fewer violent crimes than their
male counterparts, and are more inclined to commit
o Property crimes and status offences
, These high-risk offences peak at an early age and decline rapidly
with the maturation process
o Burglary, vandalism and robbery
….is also referred to as the behavior-regulating chemical, since
animal studies have demonstrated a link between low levels of
the neurotransmitter present in the brain and aggressive
behavior
o Serotonin
They are the most common hallucinogens used by youth in South
Africa
o Ketamine, dagga and LSD
Research indicates that 85% to 94% of persons who are
imprisoned will reoffend, therefore rehabilitation is considered a
very significant …strategy
o Tertiary crime prevention
…should, to a great extent, focus on thinking patterns and
behavioural transformation in cases of embedded patterns of
criminality
o Rehabilitation
Although a range on non-custodial sentences is available to the
courts for the sentencing of convicted children, ….is often the
only alternative
o Imprisonment
A comprehensive approach that is directed at the child as a total
person and aimed at building and improving the links between
the ….is necessary to address the problem of youth misbehavior
and violence in the country
o School, the community and the family
The increase in the number of single-parent and child-headed
households, as well as the increased demands of parents careers
led to youths being cut from
o Adults and role models
Statistics in South Africa show that one in three young people
commit serious offences such as assault, murder, rape and
o Housebreaking
Alcohol is the most commonly used drug among young people,
surpassing …and illicit drugs
o Tobacco
, New drugs on the market include
o Cat, sugars and tik
o Tik, nyaope and whoonga
…is not a “safe” social drug as is generally thought. On the
contrary, it is a powerful stimulant that can cause chronic
dehydration and serious exhaustion
o Ecstasy
The objectives of the gang usually relate to the needs that exist
within the
o Gang
High risk offences such as robbery, …and …peak at an early age
and decrease rapidly with the maturation process
o Burglary, vandalism
More than …of individuals who begin drinking before the age of
13 years stand a good chance of abusing or becoming dependent
on alcohol
o 40%
The programs with secondary prevention usually target high risk
groups such as
o Neglected
Punishment and rehabilitation fall within the realm of
o Tertiary prevention
Research shows that 85% to 94% of persons who are imprisoned
will re-offend, therefore …is considered a very important tertiary
crime prevention strategy
o Rehabilitation
Provision for basic opportunities for young people’s needs such
as …services are some of the mechanisms for primary prevention
o Health
Females tend to become involved in gangs as a result of being …
abused at home
o Sexually
Children and youths in Dar es Salaam choose to live on the
streets, justifying their action being the only alternative to the
realities of
o Disintegrating family
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