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Question 1
1. Define the following concepts and give practical examples as a way to demonstrate that you
understand them in the Foundation Phase context.
1.1. Curriculum
Curriculum refers to the set of courses, learning experiences, and educational content that is designed
to be taught in schools or other educational institutions. It outlines what students are expected to
learn and the skills they should acquire. For example, the South African Curriculum and Assessment
Policy Statement (CAPS) outlines the subjects and content that should be taught in each grade level.
(Study Guide - Study Unit 2 - Page 18)
1.2. Teaching
Teaching refers to the process of imparting knowledge, skills, and values to students. It involves the
use of various instructional strategies and techniques to facilitate learning. For example, a teacher
may use lectures, group discussions, or hands-on activities to teach a particular concept.
(Study Guide - Study Unit 2 - Page 19)
1.3. Management skills
Management skills refer to the abilities and competencies required to effectively manage people,
resources, and processes. These skills include technical, human, conceptual, and design skills. For
example, a school principal may use their management skills to create a positive school culture,
manage the school budget, and develop policies and procedures.
(Study Guide - Study Unit 2 - Page 19)
1.4. Multigrade classes
Multigrade classes refer to classrooms where students of different ages and grades are taught
together by one teacher. This is common in rural or remote areas where there are not enough students
to form separate classes for each grade level. For example, a teacher may have to teach both grade 1
and grade 2 students in the same classroom. (Study Guide - Study Unit 2 - Page 19)
1.5. Africanisation
Africanisation refers to the process of defining or interpreting African identity and culture. It
involves incorporating African perspectives, values, and knowledge into the curriculum and
educational practices. For example, a school may include African literature, history, and languages in
their curriculum to promote Africanisation. (Study Guide - Study Unit 2 - Page 19)
, Question 2
2. Mention five (5) technological devices and explain how they can be used for teaching and
learning in the Foundation Phase.
There are several technological devices that can be used for teaching and learning in the Foundation
Phase.
Here are five examples:
Computers: Computers can be used to access educational software, online resources, and
multimedia content. They can also be used to create and edit documents, presentations, and
other learning materials.
Tablets: Tablets are portable and easy to use, making them ideal for young learners. They can
be used to access educational apps, e-books, and other digital resources. They can also be used
to take notes, complete assignments, and collaborate with peers.
Multimedia projectors or television screens: These devices can be used to display
educational videos, images, and other multimedia content. They can also be used to facilitate
group discussions and presentations.
Cellphones: Cellphones can be used to access educational apps, online resources, and
multimedia content. They can also be used to communicate with teachers and peers, and to
complete assignments.
Various software: There are many different types of software that can be used for teaching
and learning in the Foundation Phase. For example, multimedia presentation tools can be used
to create engaging and interactive presentations. Video clips can be used to illustrate concepts
and ideas. Search engines can be used to find information on a wide range of topics.
[OR]
Interactive Whiteboards: Interactive whiteboards (also known as smartboards) are large
touch-sensitive screens that can display digital content. Teachers can project educational videos,
images, and interactive lessons on the whiteboard. Students can participate by touching the
screen, solving problems, and engaging with content. Teachers can write, draw, and annotate
directly on the board during lessons. Whiteboards encourage group activities and collaborative
learning.
Tablets and iPads: Tablets and iPads are portable touchscreen devices. Personalized Learning:
Students can access educational apps, e-books, and interactive content tailored to their needs.
Teachers can create quizzes, track progress, and provide immediate feedback. Tablets allow
students to explore videos, animations, and virtual field trips. Students can create digital art,
stories, and presentations.
Document Cameras (Visualizers): Document cameras capture real-time images or videos of
physical objects. Teachers can display books, artifacts, or student work to the entire class.
Document cameras enable close-up views of specimens, plants, or chemical reactions.
Teachers can demonstrate step-by-step solutions using manipulatives. Display handwriting
techniques and model sentence structure.
, Digital Cameras and Camcorders: Digital cameras and camcorders capture photos and
videos. Document class outings, nature walks, or historical sites. Students can create
multimedia stories, interviews, or documentaries. Record experiments, plant growth, or animal
behavior. Capture student artwork for assessment or portfolios1.
Educational Software and Apps: These include educational software programs and mobile
apps. Reinforce numeracy and literacy skills through interactive games. Introduce basic coding
concepts and logical thinking. Apps can teach vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar. Use
software for quizzes, progress tracking, and adaptive learning.
Remember, integrating these technological devices effectively requires teacher training, thoughtful
planning, and alignment with curriculum goals. When used purposefully, technology can enhance
engagement, creativity, and learning outcomes in the Foundation Phase.
(Study Guide - Study Unit 5 - Page 97)
Question 3
3. Differentiate between management and leadership with suitable examples from the primary
school context.
Management in Primary Schools
Management involves planning, organizing, and controlling resources to achieve specific goals and
objectives. It focuses on efficient administration and the day-to-day functioning of the school.
Managers handle logistical aspects, maintain stability, and ensure that processes run smoothly.
Examples of Management in Primary Schools:
Learning Environment Management:
Physical Environment: Managers ensure that classrooms are well-organized, clean, and
conducive to learning. They arrange furniture, display educational materials, and maintain
safety standards.
Resource Allocation: Managers oversee the distribution of textbooks, stationery, and other
learning materials. They ensure that students have access to necessary resources.
Curriculum Implementation: Managers coordinate class schedules, teacher assignments, and
subject coverage. They monitor adherence to the curriculum guidelines.
Role of School Administrators:
Principal: The principal is a key manager who oversees the entire school. They handle
budgeting, staffing, discipline, and overall school operations.
Administrative Staff: Office administrators, finance managers, and HR personnel contribute
to efficient management.
Leadership in Primary Schools
Leadership goes beyond management. It involves inspiring and motivating others toward a common
vision. Leaders create a positive culture, encourage innovation, and foster growth. Effective
leadership influences the school’s direction and the well-being of its members.
