Exam (elaborations)
CMY3701 Assignment 1 2022
- Institution
- University Of South Africa (Unisa)
CMY3701 Assignment 1
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NAME: CHERIZE PIENAAR STUDENT NUMBER: 49943103COURSE CODE: CMY3701 ASSIGNMENT NUMBER: 01
UNIQUE NUMBER: 577485
1. INTRODUCTION
The link between social disorganization and delinquency was associated with the work
of two sociologists, Clifford R. Shaw and Henry D. McKay. Affiliated with the
University of Chicago and the Illinois Institute for Social Research, Shaw and McKay
were primarily interested in crime and delinquency. They wanted to demonstrate how
crime was a normal response to social, structural, and cultural characteristics of a
community and to explain how deviant behaviour was produced among lower class,
urban males. Using official delinquency data, Shaw and McKay made rate, zone, spot,
and pin maps. Their finished work presented detailed discussions of delinquency rates
in Chicago over three time periods: 1900–1906, 1917–1923, and 1927–1933. Together
they produced a collection of books and reports that illustrated the distribution of
delinquency rates in Chicago and that discussed the processes associated with
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delinquent values and traditions. Shaw and McKay's work was influenced by Robert
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E. Park and Ernest W. Burgess, in which the Concentric Zone Model was applied in an
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analysis of urban growth. Five concentric zones were identified characterizing growth
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in Chicago and in at least 20 other American cities in the 1920s. Specifically, Shaw
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and McKay used this analysis to describe the distribution of juvenile delinquency in
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detail and to explain why it was already dispersed in urban areas (Shoemaker, 1996).
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Shaw and McKay believed strongly that triumphing over social disorganization was
manifested in the ability of immigrant groups to relocate to more desirable residential
areas (Short, 1972). Their explanations represent the earliest modern sociological and
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social psychological explanations of delinquency and crime. In fact, the concepts,
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hypothesis, and research produced from these theories have influenced the analysis of
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delinquency and crime for most of the 19th century.
Resource: Shaw, Clifford R. Brothers in Crime. Philadelphia: Albert Saifer, 1952.
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2. Shaw, Clifford R. and McKay, Henry D. Juvenile Delinquency and Urban
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Areas. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1969.
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3. DEFINITION OF KEY CONCEPTS
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3.1 Social Disorganisation
Social disorganization is a theoretical perspective that explains ecological
differences in levels of crime based on structural and cultural factors shaping
the nature of the social order across communities. This approach narrowed the
focus of earlier sociological studies on the covariates of urban growth to
examine the spatial concentration and stability of rates of criminal behaviour.
According to the social disorganization framework, such phenomena are
triggered by the weakened social integration of neighbourhoods because of the
absence of self-regulatory mechanisms, which in turn are due to the impact of
structural factors on social interactions or the presence of delinquent
subcultures. The former process defines disorganization as the reflection of
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