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Exam (elaborations) NR 601 Midterm Exam Study Guide.document
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Exam (elaborations) NR 601 Midterm Exam Study Gent
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NR601
Midterm
Exam
Study Guide
1 Developmental
changes
o Review
Kennedy and Dunphy readings for age related changes
o Physiological the major impact that occurs with physiological changes are –
all of the above
the strongest evidence regarding normal physiological ageing is availiable through longitudinal studies
5-5 Beginning at about age 55, most people can expect which of the following changes? A.
A 1- to 2-in.decline in height B. Stable body weight C. Sharper vision and hearing D.
Increased strength
5-31 Which of these musculoskeletal changes accompany older adulthood? A. Change in
stature B.Increased stride length
5-35 Which one of the following is a normal physiological change of aging? A. A decrease
in strength andspeed of muscle contraction in the extremities B. Degenerative arthritis C.
Rheumatoid arthritis D. Bulging intervertebral disks
,5-37 Evaluating an older adult client according to the successful aging paradigm involves assessment of
A. cognition, problem-solving, physical skills, and memory. B. health, social engagement,
mental activity,and life satisfaction. C. vision, hearing, balance, and strength. D. coping,
social support, fi nancial resources, and living arrangement.
5.49 The benefi ts of exercise during middle adulthood include which of the
following? A. Less need foran increase in dietary calcium B. Slower decli ne in central
nervous system processing
,5.50 When completing the health history and review of systems for a healthy 88-year-old
woman, youwould expect which age-related change to be reported? A. Mildly blurry vision B.
Chronically dry and itchy eyes and eyelids C. Increasing presbyopia
5-61 Which cognitive change is expected in healthy older adults aged 65 and older? A. Decrease in IQ B.
Slower information processing C. Low capacity for learning D. Decreased attentional focus
5-57 Sleep in older adults is characterized by which pattern? A. Increased time spent in REM sleep B.
Increased overall sleep time C. Increased sleep latency D. Increased proportion of deep sleep
5-67 Risks for automobile accidents are increased in older adult drivers due to which normal changes
associated with aging? A. Decreased ability to understand driving-related dangers B. Lack of recognition
of their own physical challenges C. Magnifi ed physiological response to stressful situations D. Increased
reaction time
5.85 Older adults face greater risks for fl uid imbalance than young adults and middle adults
due towhich age-related factor? A. Increased amounts of intracellular fl uid and total body water B.
Higherproportion of fat to muscle cells C. Faster speed of metabolism D. Increased intestinal
motility
5.86 Which strategy for care of older adults is inconsistent with an approach supportive of
aging in place? A. Make changes to the home environment that can accommodate an individual’s
changing needs. B. Refer for home care and adult day-care services. C. Hire assistants to help with
activities ofdaily living. D. Emphasize the individual’s limitations and likely need for long-term care
placement.
5-96 Which theory of aging focuses on older adults’ development of specifi c strategies to manage losses
of function over time? A. Disengagement theory B. Activity/developmental task theory C. Person-
environment fi t theory D. Selective optimization with compensation theory
5-107 Why is Alzheimer’s disease (AD) considered a specifi c disease, distinct from the normal . changes
of aging? A. There are types of AD that are inherited and present before age 60. B. There are changes in
biological processes that occur with normal aging. C. There is a notable decline in cognitive functioning
as people age. D. There are multiple changes in organ functioning, especially in the brain.
5-115 Physiological changes of aging can affect functional mobility. Screening for functional mobility of
older adults involves which screening tool? A. Katz Index B. Get Up and Go Test C. Functional
Independence Measure D. Mini Mental State Exam
5-112 Your 66-year-old patient is able to correctly interpret the meaning of the proverb “A penny saved is
a penny earned.” This helps to establish the patient’s expected ability to A. access long-term memory. B.
engage in abstract reasoning. C. execute concrete operations. D. follow complex instructions.
13-68 In the older adult, which physiological change affects pharmacokinetics? A. Decreased creatinine
clearance B. Increased lean muscle mass C. Decreased total body fat D. Increased serum albumin level
18-98 Physiological changes in the immune system of older adults include A. an increase in
immunoglobulin A and G antibodies. B. a high rate of T-lymphocyte proliferation. C. an increase in the
number of cytotoxic T cells. D. an increase in CD8, which affects regulation of the immune system.
, 61 The aging process results in a variety of physiological changes. One change is A. a decreased
absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. B. an increase in pupil size. C. an increase of enzymatic activity. D. an
increase in spleen size.
A- the heart valve
o Lab results- Dunphy Table 77.2
TABLE 77.2 Changes in Laboratory Values for Older Adults
Laboratory Test Normal Values Changes With Age Comments
URINALYSIS
Protein 0–5 mg/100 mL Rises slightly May be due to kidney changes wi
pathology
Specific gravity 1.005–1.020 Lower maximum in Decline in nephrons impairs abili
elderly 1.016–1.022
HEMATOLOGY
Erythrocyte Men: 0–20 Significant increase Neither sensitive nor specific in a
sedimentation rate Women: 0–30
Iron binding 50–160 mcg/dL Slight decrease
230–410 mcg/dL Decrease
Hemoglobin Men: 13–18 g/100 mL Men: 10–17 g/mL Anemia common in the elderly
Women: 12–16 g/100 Women: none noted
mL
Hematocrit Men: 45%–52% Slight decrease Decline in hematopoiesis
Women: 37%–48% speculated
Leukocytes 3 Drop to 3,100– Decrease may be due to drugs or
4,300–10,800/mm
3 immediately to age
9,000/mm
Lymphocytes 500–2,400 T T-cell and B-cell levels Infection risk higher; immunizati
3 fall
cells/mm
3
50–200 B cells/mm
Platelets 3 No change in number
150,000–350,000/mm
BLOOD CHEMISTRY
Albumin 3.5–5.0/100 mL Decline Related to decrease in liver size a
malnutrition common
Globulin 2.3–3.5 g/100 mL Slight increase
Total serum protein 6.0–8.4 g/100 mL No change Decreases may indicate malnutrit
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