This document includes notes on electrons and photons from the IEB SAGS. It contains all the definitions from the IEB SAGS as well as explanations of the different concepts.
v
< wavelength >
! -
I =
period (time for one wave to pass )
1m )
=
wavelength
.
.
f- frequency ( number of
-
waves per second Hz )
↳
frequency (f) of a wave is defined as the number of waves that pass a point per
second ( H2)
↳
wavelength ( X ) is defined as the distance between two consecutive points on a wave
that are in phase cm )
↳ wave speed ( v ) is defined as the product of the frequency (f) and
wavelength IN
The wave equation : V
fx
-
-
wavelength is
inversely proportional to the frequency
2. Electromagnetic spectrum
-
Radio waves :
longest wavelength and
lowest
frequency
-
Gamma rays :
shortest wavelength and
highest frequency
-
All electromagnetic waves travels at a speed
of 108m (c) c- fx
through
'
3 ✗
. 5 a vacuum -
l
108ms
-
C =3 ✗
,3 .
The photoelectric effect
electromagnetic radiation ( light ) shines
↳ that occurs metal surface and
process when on a
it ejects electrons from the metal (significance it establishes : the quantum theory
and it illustrates the particle nature of light )
3. 1 Metals
↳ de localised electrons move within the metal when an emf is applied across the ends
of a metal wire
↳ this to an electric current in the metal wire
gives rise
↳
if an electron is to escape from the surface of a metal ,
the electron must be
given
enough energy to escape from the surface of the metal
↳ when this
energy is provided in the form of light energy ,
the phenomenon is called
photoelectric emission
↳
photoelectric emission is the release of electrons from the surface of a metal when
electromagnetic radiation is incident (shone ) onto its surface
3.2 Gold -
leaf electroscope (used to demonstrate the photoelectric effect )
.am#. e. n. . we. omoueone.+ne
•
used to detect charge
:
* e. e. t.o.ope.ne.tn , * •• no ,
an overall
charge ,
as there are equal numbers electroscope now carries electrons throughout
of protons and electrons distributed through -
its metal parts Electroscope
. now carries an
out the metal parts of the electroscope ) overall negative charge
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