Exam (elaborations)
Exam for PYC4812
- Institution
- University Of South Africa (Unisa)
Sport psychology exam
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
SECTION AQUESTION A1
(a) According to the Mechanistic Theory, goal setting influence performance in four ways.
• Goals direct the athlete's attention and action to curial aspects of the task. Allowing
the athlete to focus on specific skills.
• Goals help the athlete to mobilize effort.
• Increase immediate effort and help increase effort. Allows the athlete to be persistent;
especially when they start to feel bored.
• Developing and employing new learning strategies through the process of goal
setting.
Numerous factors mediate the goal-setting and performance relationship. The following
factors include; self-efficiency, the complexity of the task, feedback, and importance.
Cognitive theory's main focus is on how goals influence performance in athletic
environments.
• The theory explains; that goal setting is linked to the athlete's levels of anxiety,
confidence, and motivation.
• Athletes focus solely on the outcome goals, this result in unrealistic future
expectations which increases their anxiety, decreases confidence, and their
performance levels.
• Performance goals on the other hand are flexible and in the control of the athlete.
Allows for more realistic expectations to be formed. Performance goals increase
confidence and motivation whilst decreasing the negative effect of anxiety.
• Goal motivational orientation combines with the recognized capability to produce one
of the three-goal styles;
1. Performance-oriented where athlete's success is based on learning and self-
improving their ability. (To produce one best performance ability)
2. Success-orientation involves athletes defining their success on social comparison
and winning. Thus having a high perceived ability (moderate increase in athletic
performance)
3. Failure orientation includes athletes defining their success on social comparison
and winning. Whilst having a low perceived ability (Slight increase in athletic
performance)
Therefore the cognitive theory is based on the notion that an athlete can influence their
actions, with their thoughts and cognition playing a vital role in determining their
performance. The mechanistic theory is centred on an athlete who sets specific goals will
perform better than those who set general goals. Cognitive theory is more long-term whereas
Mechanistic theory is more short-term.
1|Page
, (b) The following steps are involved in teach for transfer to help individuals apply their goal-
setting skills;
1. Identification of positive life goals
2. The importance of focusing on the process and not the outcome of the goal
3. Using the general problem-solving model
4. Identifying the health comprising behaviours that can hinder goal achievement
5. Recognizing health-promoting habits that can help achieve goals
6. Understanding the value of creating and seeking social support
7. Understanding how to use these skills in different situations.
QUESTION A2
(a) Emotionally intelligent leadership was established on the concept of intrapersonal (Ability
to understand one's emotions) and interpersonal intelligence (Ability to understand others).
There are five components to emotionally intelligent leadership;
• Self-awareness
• Self-regulation
• Motivation
• Empathy
• Social Skills
These five components are crucial to leadership in sports as leaders are required to be self-
aware and self-regulation. Leaders who make tremendous impact exercise empathy and social
skills to maintain healthy relationships with team members. Leaders need to be self-aware to
understand their own emotions along with understanding their team’s emotions. This could
be in terms of how the team works together when training and competing with each other.
Self-regulation allows for the leader and team to work together to find ways to improve on
areas they are poorer in. for example after losing a game and see where improvements can be
made. Motivation to improve team moral after, during and before a completion to improve
player’s performance. Motivation in terms of pep talking and goal setting. Empathy to help
encourage a player who is burnout or not performing to the best of their ability. Empathy in
the form of encouragement. Social Skills being able to communicate freely with everyone
and understand different cultural and religious backgrounds to improve relationships.
(b) The seven secrets of successful coaches by Jeff Jansesn and Greg Dale;
1. Character-based
2. competent
3. committed
4. Caring
5. Confidence-Builders
2|Page
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller UnisaSaverDocs. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R111,00. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75323 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy summaries for 14 years now