This is a good summary of Western European 19 Century Art for grade 11 and 12. It includes Neoclassicism, Romanticism and Realism. It also includes artist and pictures of their artwork.
19 Century European Art
(1801-1900)
History
• End of slavery = freedom and equality
• Industrial revolution
• Colonization = people left Europe for USA, Africa and Australia
• Military conflicts – British, German, Japanese and USA
Neo-Classicism
• 1750-1815 in France
• French Revolution = middle class tired of being oppressed by upper class
• Napoleon took over as military head and revolutionized Europe
• Ideas of equality and freedom became important for art
• Artist wanted to replace the playful style of Rococo by being more
serious, logical and very formal.
• Neo = New
• Renewed interest in classical art that of Greek/Roman which was noble,
simplicity, calm grandeur
• Art was linked to political events and the new French government and
Napoleon used art to educate the people and to serve as propaganda
Characteristics
• Art was used to educate the people
• Subject matter: calm, static, serious, intellectual rather then emotional
• Composition: balanced and ordered. Based on geometric shapes like
triangles and rectangles. The rule of thirds was considered shapes, line
and drawing. They used hard precise outlines with clearly defined
shapes.
• Application: smooth application of paint with no brush strokes
• Colour: strong contrast between colors and light and dark areas.
, Jacques-louis David
• Supporter of French Revolution and voted for the death of the king
• Supported Napoleon
• Strong influence of French art because of many pupils he taught
“The Oath Of The Horatii” (1785)
• Historical story from Ancient Rome
• Showing three brothers love for their country is more important than
love their family
• Depicts Horatii brothers taking an oath before their father to fight for
Rome even if it means sacrificing your life
• Mothers and sisters are sitting motionless, weeping as they prepare for
a death
• Brothers show no emotion = sign of courage contrasting the emotion of
women which is a weakness
• The architecture in the background forms a set of geometric shapes. The
verticals of the coloums create stability and rule of thirds. Arches group
figures.
• The figures in the foreground from a series of triangles
• Space is shallow
• Strong contours make figures seem statue like
• Contrasting light and dark with muted colors
• Although the painting portrays sorrow it promotes values such as
sacrifice, duty and patriotism towards your country
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