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Constitutional Law 312 comprehensive summary
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This document contains all necessary information to write your Con law 3rd year final exam. It contains all the necessary cases, as well as lectures and the most recent

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  • April 23, 2022
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  • 2021/2022
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Constitutional Law
312 notes
Compiled by Mari Louw in 2021. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE.


MARIA MAGDALENA Louw

, 1



Contents
Transformative Constitutionalism.......................................................................................................5

Concept of transformative constitutionalism..................................................................................5

Implications of transformative constitutionalism: adjudication and democracy............................6

Adjudication:...............................................................................................................................7

Substantive legal reasoning:........................................................................................................9

Provision of positive and negative state duties.........................................................................11

Vertical and Horizontal application..........................................................................................12

Openness towards international and foreign law:.....................................................................12

Criticisms of TC from perspective of decolonisation theories.................................................13

Equality.............................................................................................................................................15

The constitutional concept of equality..........................................................................................15

Interpretation: s9(1), (3), (4).........................................................................................................16

S9(3): step 1 – Discrimination..................................................................................................18

S9(3) step 2 – the unfairness inquiry........................................................................................21

Application of s36.....................................................................................................................25

S9(4): horizontal application and duty to enact legislation:.........................................................25

Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act......................................25

restitutionary equality/ affirmative action.....................................................................................29

Applicable provisions...............................................................................................................30

Minister of Finance v Van Heerden test...................................................................................31

Socio-economic rights.......................................................................................................................40

Socio-economic rights in the 1996 Constitution...........................................................................40

S26: housing..............................................................................................................................41

S29: education...........................................................................................................................42

Justiciability of SERs....................................................................................................................43

, 2


Interpreting SERs..........................................................................................................................44

General approach:.....................................................................................................................44

Applicable international law.....................................................................................................46

Values and purposes that SERs protect and promote:..................................................................47

Interdependence of rights..........................................................................................................47

CESCR, General Comment 4....................................................................................................49

Positive obligations on the state by SERs.....................................................................................51

S26 and s27 (progressively realisable SERs)............................................................................51

Reasonableness review – developed in Grootboom.................................................................53

Progressive realisation:.............................................................................................................56

Immediately realisable rights:...................................................................................................59

Negative duties imposed by SERs................................................................................................62

Remedies in SER cases:................................................................................................................63

Freedom of expression......................................................................................................................65

Freedom of expression in international law..................................................................................65

first amendment right in USA v SA right to freedom of expression........................................66

Why do we value and protect freedom of expression?.................................................................67

Protected expression in section 16(1)...........................................................................................67

Protected expression in s16(1):.....................................................................................................68

a) Freedom of the press and other media..................................................................................69

b) Freedom to receive and impart information and ideas.........................................................70

c) Freedom of artistic creativity................................................................................................72

d) Academic freedom and freedom of scientific research........................................................73

Free speech in legislative bodies:..............................................................................................73

Controversial categories of expression:....................................................................................74

Unprotected expression in s16(2):................................................................................................79

Propaganda for war:..................................................................................................................80

, 3


Incitement of imminent violence:.............................................................................................81

Hate speech:..............................................................................................................................81

Developments in case law:............................................................................................................84

Qwelane v South African Human Rights Commission SCA 2019:..........................................84

Political rights...................................................................................................................................87

1 Introduction: Link between Political Rights and Democracy....................................................87

2 Key Constitutional Provisions: Sections 1(d) and 19................................................................88

3 Values and purposes that inform Section 19..............................................................................89

The right to vote: s19(3)(a)...........................................................................................................97

Prisoners?..................................................................................................................................98

funding of political parties & independent candidates............................................................102

the right to stand and/or hold office: S19(3)(b)......................................................................105

Children’s rights..............................................................................................................................109

International law.........................................................................................................................109

S28 constitution...........................................................................................................................109

Legislative framework:...............................................................................................................110

Autonomy and protection............................................................................................................110

S28 of the Constitution...............................................................................................................112

S28(1) every child has the right –...........................................................................................112

S28(2) best interests of the child.............................................................................................119

Environmental rights.......................................................................................................................122

Approaches to interpreting environmental rights:......................................................................122

S24 of the Constitution:..............................................................................................................123

S24(a) definitions of terms......................................................................................................123

S24(b)......................................................................................................................................126

S24 and other rights in the Bill of Rights:..............................................................................132

Climate change............................................................................................................................133

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