, ASSIGNMENT 1
Solution
Total Marks: 150
Unique Assignment Number: 848630/772589
Study material: Chapters 1 through 4. You may skip sections 4.2 and 4.5.
Important: When we use the phrase ‘define’ (particularly in Question 2), we are looking for a formal
definition using some form of formal notation, and not simply an English description or definition.
For example: ‘Define the initial state for an agent in Johannesburg’. Answer: In(Johannesburg).
‘Define the actions available to this agent given that the agent simply moves between major
metropolitan areas’. Answer: Actions(In(Johannesburg)) = {Go(Bloemontein), Go(Durban), . . . }.
When we want an English definition we will explicitly ask for it.
Question 1: 13 Marks
(1.1) Explain the difference between a single and multi-agent environment. (6)
An agent solving a problem by itself is a single agent environmentX. The key dis-
tinction is if an agent X’s behavior is best described as maximizing a performance
measure whose value depends on agent Y’s behaviorXX. For example in a chess
game the opponent agent X is trying to maximize its performance measure, which by
the rules of chess minimises agent Y’s performance measureX. Thus chess is a com-
petitive multi agent environment. In multiagent environments communication emerges
as a rational behaviorXwhile non-existent in single agent environmentsX. Pg 42-43
(1.2) Explain the difference between a Deterministic and Stochastic environment. (4)
In a deterministic environment the next state is completely Xdetermined by the current
state and the agent’s action X. In a stochastic environment one cannot completely
Xdetermine the next state based solely on the current environment and on the agent’s
actions X.
(1.3) Consider a game of chess. Is this a fully observable, partially observable, or unob- (3)
servable environment? Clearly explain your answer.
Fully observable X. The entire stateXcan be observed at each distinct state in the
state spaceX.
Question 2: 22 Marks
(2.1) List the 5 components that can be used to define a problem. (5)
1. Initial stateX
2. ActionsX
3. Transition modelX
2
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