HEC101V
EXAM PACK
Revision PACK
Questions. Answers
,Explain how health and education are interrelated
Good health is essential for effective learning. Illness and health impairments interfere with the learning
process.
Previously educating youngsters about health was the function of family, religious institutions, and
community; but changing lifestyles, environmental and social evolution has transferred this responsibility to
the education institution
Factors that affect a child’s health can affect a child’s potential for gaining and education; heredity is a factor
that affects health.
Define the term ‘health’ according to the World Health Organisation of the United Nations
Analyse the implications of the World Health Organisations’ definitions of health
The United Nations World Health Organization defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social
wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity. It Includes ensuring a healthy environment and
society to live in which create the conditions which allow the attainment of health of all members of society.
This means that one can maintain health by caring for one’s own health and the health of others and by making
positive health decisions. This also has to do with ensuring a healthy environment, at this well help create the
conditions that will allow all members of society the opportunity to attain optimum health.
The WHO definition clearly stresses health, and not illness.
Briefly explain the World Health Organisation’s definition of health
A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and
infirmity
This clearly shows that health and not illnesses, is stressed
Health does not depend on physical well-being alone and that they physical aspect of health, although
important, should not be viewed in isolation
A persons physical health , however, can to a greater or lesser degree, influence all aspects of development
It also has to do with ensuring a healthy environment and society to live in which will create the conditions
which allow the attainment of health of all its members
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Discuss how each of the following affects the health of a child
Heredity
heredity determines ‘what you can become’ - maximum potential. This is what the child receives from his
parents a the time of conception. Genetic disorders may cause abnormal conditions in the child and can
result in intellectual impairment or physical impairment. Birth defect and genetic diseases can result either
from abnormal chromosomes, abnormal cell division or from interaction of many genes with the
environment.
Lifestyle and behaviour
the following factors can contribute to discase, disability and death in SA “
o Lack of serwers, drains or services to dispose of solid and liquid wastes
o Lack of safe and sufficient water supplies
o Overcrowded and inadequate living conditions
o Insufficient safe and clean fuels for domestic cooking and heating – unhealthy fuels are used, such as
coal/paraffin and wood which cause pollution and health problems for children
Environment
influenced by aspects such as personal health knowledge; customs and religious beliefs; media influence and
beliefs about disease causation.
Health care system
availability/lack or preventative primary health services. Existence of a national health policy. Influence of
traditional medicine
Development
poverty and low socio-economic status caused by unemployment; single parenting; teenage parents; lack of
education and rapid urbanisation may affect the health of the child. Birth-to-twenty study found the
following to be true
o Educated women have fewer children
o Women with higher levels of education make better use of ante-natal and post-natal services
o Their children have higher rates of immunisations
o Their children are better nourished when compared to children of mothers with lower educational
levels
Explain the relationship of health o the child’s emotional, social and cognitive (or intellectual) development. Add
any examples of your own
Physical health and emotional development
there are many emotional reactions that might be caused by problems with physical health :
o The overprotected, chronically ill child may become very demanding
o The tired child who has had insufficient sleep may overreact at the slightest provocation
o The obese child may become very self-conscious and withdrawn as a result of teasing from friends
o The hungry or poorly nourished child may be short-tempered and irritable and unable to
concentrate
o The ill child may be irritable anxious and this could affect adaptation to school and the development
of peer relationships
All of these emotional responses may have a greater or lesser impact on the child and will influence his/her
scholastic success. Alternatively, emotional problems can result in physical symptoms – think about the
emotionally disturbed child who wets his/her bed, vomits or shows other physical symptoms caused by
emotional distress
Physical health and social development
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o It is important for the child to be able to relate well to peers and to be accepted in a group if he/she
is to adapt well to the school situation
o The child who is healthy and feels confident is most likely to succeed in this respect
o Illness often isolates the child from the peer group for a period of time with the result that the child
may have re-establish social contacts upon return to school
o In addition, today children are sometimes socially ostracised because of chronic illnesses like
HIV/Aids
o Apart from the negative effects of social isolation, children who are discriminated against in this way
often develop a poor self-image
Physical health and intellectual development
o Children with health certain problems may be deprived of learning opportunities because their
physical mobility is restricted
o The young child who is thus denied sufficient movement experiences owing to illness or immobility
could be hindered in later academic achievement
o The lack of opportunity to use one’s body is particularly detrimental during the first few years of life
when the child uses his/her body to explore the world
o Most teachers agree that learners with almost any health problem – from poor vision, a common
cold, and hunger or child abuse – will not learn effectively
Discuss the meaning of the following : “prevention through health promotion”.
The goal of health education is health promotion and disease prevention. Health promotion promotes the
elimination of poor health habits and adaption health behaviours that increase health status. Therefore, by
promoting how to live a healthy lifestyle, illnesses and diseases can be prevented
The key to prevention is education. Research indicates that prevention programmes do work, that children can be
taught important safety skills to prevent abuse and illnesses and they can become empowered to protect
themselves.
Provide definitions for the following
A healthy lifestyle
Lifestyle consists of choices, actions, habits and patterns that are within our control and that increase or
decrease our risk for illness and disease. Choosing to live a healthy lifestyle means that we will make
choices, for the purpose of preventing disease and choosing a lifestyle that will make an important
contribution to our well-being and longevity. It is the deliberate effort to stay healthy and achieve the heist
potential for total well-being.
Health education
is usually defined as the deliberate structuring of planned learning opportunities about health which are
aimed at voluntary changes in health-related behaviour to give individuals the opportunity of achieving more
favourable position on the health continuum
This includes :
o Being motivated to adopt health – promoting behaviour
o Helping individuals to make and implement informed health decisions
o Changing behaviour voluntarily to improve health
Health prevention
o Own knowledge
o Used as a precaution to prevent disease ie. Chronic diseases caused by our lifestyles
o Prevent from happening =
