100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
IEB - Genetics and Genetic Engineering Class Notes R130,00
Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. 12th Grade
  4.  
  5. Life Sciences

Interview

IEB - Genetics and Genetic Engineering Class Notes

1 review
 6 purchases

A complete set of notes on the Genetics + Genetic Engineering Section of the IEB Matric / Grade 12 Syllabus for Life Sciences (Biology). Includes colourful diagrams as well as detailed descriptions of various processes.

Preview 2 out of 13  pages

Document information

  • May 23, 2022
  • 13
  • 2021/2022
  • Interview
  • Unknown
  • Unknown

Subjects

Connected book

book image

Book Title:

Author(s):

  • Edition:
  • ISBN:
  • Edition:

More summaries for

All for this textbook (74)

Written for

All documents for this subject (1234)

1  review

review-writer-avatar

By: Jamesch11011 • 1 year ago

Seller

avatar-seller
Zeyni

Reviews received

Content preview

Genetics + Genetic Engineering
Inheritance

Mendel’s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkwYyLdx-lk
Experiments ● Investigated the transfer of characteristics from one generation to the next
● He realised that ‘something’ was passed on from parent to offspring and that
sexual reproduction combines these ‘somethings’ from each parent to produce
offspring which are unique, yet the same
‘Somethings’ - Chromosomes




Chromosomes 1. Long, thread-like structures that form part of the chromatin network in the
nuclei of cells
2. Made up of a strand of DNA wound around proteins called histones

Gene 1. Unit of inheritance
2. Each chromatid is made up of one, helical DNA molecule
3. A small section of DNA that controls a hereditary trait (DNA - series of genes)

Alleles 1. Genes responsible for controlling different versions of a trait
2. Found in the same locus (position) on homologous chromosomes
Represented: Capital = dominant allele, Lowercase (same letter) = recessive allele

Locus The physical location in a chromosome of a particular gene or allele

Gene pool Set of all genes / genetic info in a population of sexually reproducing organisms
Large → High genetic diversity and increased chances of survival
Small → Low genetic diversity and increased possibility of extinction

Genome All the genes of an organism

Filial Any generation resulting from a genetically controlled mating following parental
Generations generation

Gametes Haploid (n) reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms that fuse with one
another during fertilization

Genotype Made up of all the genes an organism carries on its chromosomes which it has
inherited from its parents

Phenotype 1. Physical appearance of an organism - tallness / hair colour
2. Partly programmed by genes (genotype), but also shaped by external factors - diet
/ exercise

Homozygous Pair of alleles at a locus are the same - homozygous for that specific trait



1

, Heterozygous Pair of alleles at a locus are different - heterozygous (hybrid) for that specific trait

Dominant The allele which has an effect in both homozygous and heterozygous conditions

Recessive The allele which only has an effect when homozygous - suppressed by dominant

Hybrid The offspring of genetically dissimilar parents (parents are not related)

Monohybrid A cross between parents with different alleles for a single gene
Crosses

Complete Characteristic that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygous organism is the
Dominance dominant allele
● When a dominant and a recessive allele are present together, only the dominant
allele has an effect on the phenotype
● The heterozygous phenotype is the same as the homozygous phenotype with
dominant alleles
● The characteristic that is masked when the organism is heterozygous is the
recessive allele and will only be expressed when it is homozygous

Mandel’s Law of Segregation → Alleles segregate during meiosis
During meiosis, allele pairs separate so that the gametes have a single allele for each
characteristic

Mandel’s Law of Dominance → Dominant allele = phenotype
In a cross of parents that are pure for contrasting traits, only the dominant trait will
appear in the phenotype. Recessive alleles will always be masked by dominant
alleles

Mandel’s Law of Independent Assortment → Random segregation of alleles
The alleles of different genes segregate randomly and independently of one another
during gamete formation


Test Cross If an organism shows the dominant phenotype, but we are unaware of whether it is
homozygous / heterozygous. We can perform a test cross:
● Cross the unknown dominant organisms several times with an organism showing
the recessive phenotype ( __ x tt )
● If the offspring all show the dominant characteristic (Tt) = org. was homozygous
● If the cross yields any recessive offspring (tt) = org. was heterozygous

Sex-linked The alleles that are carried on the non-homologous part of an X-chromosome
alleles (remember that Y chromosomes are much shorter)
Men have 1 - genetic diseases can occur more often, Women have 2




2

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying this summary from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Zeyni. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy this summary for R130,00. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

64257 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy summaries for 15 years now

Start selling

Recently viewed by you

Package deal ·

(0)

Toegepaste Plantkunde

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

Women’s Gynecologic Health, Third Edition Test Bank ( 2021 latest update )

Class notes ·

(0)

Class notes MIE 211 Strength of Materials (MIE211)

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

PEDIATRIC NURSING THE CRITICAL COMPONENTS OF NURSING CARE 2ND EDITION RUDD TEST BANK

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

Week 1 Sampling Questions and Anwers.Exam| Eelaborations| MATH 225N - Statistical Reasoning For Health Sciences

R130,00  6x  sold
  • (1)
Add to cart
Added