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Summary BA Psychology Honours (pyc4813)

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it is a simple breakdown of chapter 1 summary in cognitive- neuropsychology, easy for students to understand.

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  • May 24, 2022
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  • 2021/2022
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PYC4813- NOTES | Adhila Gora




Cognitive- Neuropsychology 4813

Chapter 1- Notes

Nerve cells and Nerve impulse



There are 2 kinds of cells namely, Neurons and Glia.

NEURONS: receives information and transmit it to other cells.

GLIA: serves many functions in the brain

➢ The adult brain has about 86 billion neurons

➢ Santiago Ramón y Cajal and Charles Sherrington are known as the two main
founders of neuroscience.




The Structures of an Animal Cell

➢ The surface of a cell is its membrane or a plasma membrane


➢ Protein channels in this membrane permits the flow of water, oxygen, sodium,
potassium, and other important chemicals.



➢ THE NUCLEUS: is a structure that contains chromosomes.




Page 1 of 8

, PYC4813- NOTES | Adhila Gora


➢ MITOCHONDRIA: a structure that performs metabolic activities and provides
energy.


➢ People with overactive mitochondria tend to burn their fuel rapidly and
overheat, even in a cool environment.

➢ People whose mitochondria are less active than normal are predisposed to
depression and pains.

➢ Mutated mitochondrial genes are a possible cause of autism.


➢ RIBOSOMES: are the sites within a cell that synthesize new protein molecules.


➢ ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM: a network of thin tubes that transport newly

synthesized proteins to other location.



The Structure of a Neuron


➢ The most distinctive feature of neurons is their shape.

➢ Neurons have long branching extensions.

➢ All neurons include a soma (cell body), dendrites, an axon, and presynaptic
terminals


➢ MOTOR NEURON: with its soma in the spinal cord, receives excitation through
its dendrites and conducts impulses along its axon to a muscle



Page 2 of 8

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