Summary
Summary KRM 210 SECTION B EXAM(chapter 3.3-11)
- Course
- KRM 210
- Institution
- University Of Pretoria (UP)
This document serves as exam notes for Criminology 210 section B
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CHAPTER 3: THE EXTENT OF CHILD AND YOUTHMISBEHAVIOUR IN SOUTH AFRICA
School Violence
Occurs in school.
Act such as
o Hazing, Initiation (occur more in private schools)
o Assault, Robbery, stabbing (more in public schools)
o Sexual Assault, Rape
o Gangsterism, Drug related offence and Vandalism
3 categories of offences that take place at school:
learner-on-learner violence
learner-on-teacher violence
teacher-on-learner violence
Teacher-Learner Violence
Educator verbally/physical abuse learners
Use corporal punishment or love punishment.
Learner-Learner Violence
Girls are mostly victims of sexual assaults and rape.
Boys are victims of Bullying and Assault.
Male perpetrators of sexual crimes act as a group (gang rape) making them difficult to
escape and more vulnerable.
School shooting and Stabbing
3/10 pupils bring weapon to school.
School shooters usually reveal their intentions before shooting but warning signs
are ignored.
, o (Poet, singing, essay, artwork, video)
o Feel excluded from the school.
o Were victims of bullying and wants to dominate.
Firearm-Free Zone (FFZ)
Came into operation in April 2001 (Firearm Control Act 60 of 2000)
o Makes a provision that school, hospital, workplace are firearm-free zones.
o To reduce gun-related crime in school
Violation of FFZ and Imprisonment period
o Allowing any firearm into FFZ (5 years)
o Carrying it (10 years)
o Storing it (25 years)
SA School Act 84 of 1996
o Stipulates that no person may allow, carry, or store any dangerous object on a
public-school premise.
School is also Dangerous-object-free Zones by the Department of Education 2003.
o Any explosive material or device
o Any Firearms or Gas Weapons
o Any Article, object causing harm.
Scissors, pencil.
Bullying in School
The negative action of one or more person repeatedly and overtime
Finds pleasure in hurting and humiliating others.
Intent to harm
Lead to under-reporting ‘boy will always be boys.
o Directly and Indirectly
Directly (happens to boys) by
, Hitting
Kicking
Punching
Indirectly (happens to girls) by
Spreading Rumors
Ignoring someone
Social exclusion
Systematic and reoccurring type of aggression by more powerful peers towards
weaker individuals
Bullying factors (Factors of bullying)
To harm
Intensity & duration: Occur a longer period.
Age, Size, Strength & Gender
Victims vulnerable & Inability to defend themselves.
Lack to Support, causing underreporting.
Victim withdrawing from school.
Bully is done Physically, Emotionally and Sexually.
1. Physical
o Pinching, poking, strangling, suffocating, poisoning, hair pulling, biting,
stabbing. Demanding homework
2. Emotional
o Terrorizing, defaming, humiliating, blackmailing, ostracizing, name calling,
ostracizing someone.
3. Sexual
It`s done verbally, physically, and visually.
o Physically
▪ Grabbing female breast, flashing, pinching, mooning
o Verbally
▪ Inappropriate sexual jokes, comment about body, spreading sex rumors.
o Visually
, ▪ Display nudes, making obscene gestures.
Characters of School bully
Evolve to Antisocial skills
Bigger and physically stronger
Enter school armed.
Commonly boys
Positive about violence
Smokes and drinking
Categories of Bullying
1) Proactive Bullying
More aggressive in nature
Need no provocation to hurt/humiliate other person.
2) Reactive Bullying
Previously were victim.
Retaliate by bullying.
3) Proactive Victim
Provoke fights with children/ start the bulling.
Quick to cry/ display exaggerated response.
Anti-Bully Strategies
Understand what constitutes bullying.
Identify potential bully & victim.
Bully identified and described.
Bullying is observed and questioned.
Plan awareness
Anti-bullying form part of school curriculum
Cyber Bullying
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