Answer: Question 1
Technological advances since the Industrial Revolution have paved the way for rapid
economic growth which has come at the expense of environmental quality.
Problems associated with economic growth
Pollution
Industrial production processes are characterised by the possibility...
SECTION A
Answer: Question 1
Technological advances since the Industrial Revolution have paved the way for rapid
economic growth which has come at the expense of environmental quality.
Problems associated with economic growth
Pollution
Industrial production processes are characterised by the possibility to mitigate
emissions, using physical and human capital which allows for an increase in output
with the same amount of emissions. Environmental degration is caused by the stock
of pollutants which stems from industrial production. Pollution disturbs our
ecosystems and the balance in the environment. With modernisation and
development in our lives, pollution has reached its peak; giving rise to global
warming and human illnesses. There are many forms of environmental pollution
namely; air, water, soil, radioactive, noise, heat/thermal and air pollution.
Overuse and waste of natural resources
Countries industries and farmers waste and inefficiency is the biggest threat to the
environment, overtaking pollution. The biggest threat to the environment now is that
humanity is overusing the planet as a resource base. Developed economies such as
the UK are consuming resources at a rate close to the planets actual capacity.
Disincentive to conserve
Disincentives are designed to discourage activities that are harmful to the
environment. Examples are penalties or pollution taxes. Disincentives are an
important tool for ensuring the conservation and sustainable use of resources in the
environment.
Question 2
Reduce the quantity of goods and services produced.
Some people argue that this is the best long-run answer to environmental degradation:
reducing output, or at least stopping its rate of growth, would allow a similar change in
the quantity of residuals discharged. Some have sought to reach this goal by
advocating “zero population growth” (ZPG). But it is certainly true that population
growth will often exacerbate the environmental impacts of a particular economy. In the
Canadian economy, for example, the emission of pollutants per car has dramatically
decreased over the last few decades through better emissions-control technology. But
the sheer growth in the number of cars on the highways has led to an increase in the
total quantity of certain automobile emissions in many regions, most particularly large
cities such as Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.
2
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