(i) _____ strategies are based on a particular vision and mission, strategic intent and long-
term objectives that typically extend a number of years into the future; whereas (ii) _____
strategies are based on and generally have to achieve annual objectives for the immediate
future through short-term plans.
1 (i) Functional; (ii) tactical
2 (i) Tactical; (ii) business
3 (i) Overall; (ii) individual
4 (i) Business; (ii) functional
Business strategies are based on a particular vision and mission, strategic intent and long-
term objectives that typically extend a number of years into the future.
Functional strategies, in contrast, are based on and generally have to achieve annual
objectives in the immediate future through short-term action plans
2
, Question 2
The cultural web of an organisation consists of various elements, namely the (i) ____ that
forms the core thereof and its stories, symbols, (ii) _____; (iii) _____; (iv) _____; and (v)
______.
1 (i) value system; (ii) beliefs; (iii) behaviours; (iv) taken-for-granted assumptions; (v) politics
2 (i) ethics; (ii) paradigm; (iii) power and politics; (iv) structures; (v) strategies
3 (i) paradigm; (ii) power structures; (iii) organisational structures; (iv) control
systems; (v) rituals and routines
4 (i) code of conduct; (ii) values; (iii) rituals; (iv) routines; (v) control systems
A well-accepted approach to analyse or access an organisation’s culture is the cultural web.
The cultural web shows the behavioural, physical and symbolic manifestations of a culture
that inform and are informed by taken-for-granted assumptions, or paradigm, of an
organisation.
The cultural web consists of the following elements:
Paradigm. Forms the core of the cultural web as it represents all the assumptions
taken for granted in the organisation.
Routines. The ways things are done on a day-to-day basis within an organisation.
Stories. Centre on important events and personalities.
Symbols. Refer to objects, metaphors, events, acts or people that convey a
meaning over and above their functional purpose.
Power. The ability of individuals or groups to persuade, induce or coerce others into
following certain courses of action.
Structure. The formal configuration between individuals and groups regarding the
allocation of tasks, responsibilities and the authority within an organisation.
Control systems. The formal and informal ways of monitoring and supporting
people within an organisation.
3
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