Summary
Summary Ieb Chemical Reactions with organic chemistry
- Course
- Physical Sciences
- Institution
- 12th Grade
Chemical reactions in organic Chemistry
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Chemical ReactionsCombustion:
Alkanes, alkenes and alcohols may be used as fuels
Reaction with oxygen is highly exothermic
That is why we never heat any of them over an open flame – water bath
Complete Combustion
𝑶𝒙𝒚𝒈𝒆𝒏
𝑨𝒍𝒌𝒂𝒏𝒆, 𝑨𝒍𝒌𝒆𝒏𝒆 𝒐𝒓 𝑨𝒍𝒄𝒐𝒉𝒐𝒍 + → 𝑪𝑶𝟐 + 𝑯𝟐 𝑶
𝑶𝟐
Sufficient (excess) oxygen present
Example 1:
𝐶7 𝐻16 → 𝐶7 𝐻16 + 11𝑂2 → 7𝐶𝑂2 + 8𝐻2 𝑂
𝐶4 𝐻10 → 2𝐶4 𝐻10 + 13𝑂2 → 8𝐶𝑂2 + 10𝑂
𝐶5 𝐻11 𝑂𝐻 → 2𝐶5 𝐻11 𝑂𝐻 + 15𝑂2 → 10𝐶𝑂2 + 12𝐻2 𝑂
But-2-ene
𝐶4 𝐻8 + 6𝑂2 → 4𝐶𝑂2 + 4𝐻2 𝑂
Propan-2-ol
2𝐶3 𝐻7 𝑂𝐻 + 9𝑂2 → 6𝐶𝑂2 + 8𝐻2 𝑂
, MARKOWNIKOV’S RULE:
Addition:
The C with the most H’s gets the H
Reactions involving alkenes – alkene is a reactant
Belong with family
Hydrogenation = Alkene + Hydrogen
Reaction Conditions: Alkene dissolved in a non polar solvent with the catalyst (Pt, Pd, Ni) in a H2 atmosphere
Halogenation = Alkene + Halogen
Hydrohalogenation = Alkene + HX
Addition of HX to any alkene
Reaction Condition: now water may be present
X = F, Cl, Br, I
Hydration = Alkene + Water
Reaction Conditions: Steam and a suitable Catalyst (H3PO4)
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