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, MEMORANDUM FOR ASSIGNMENT 02
Reference to the relevant section(s) in the study guide follows below:
QUESTION REFERENCE
Analyse Integrated Environmental Management (IEM) in Lesson 9 –
detail. It is expected of you to include the three phases of Section 9.2: Meaning and
the IEM process. objectives of integrated
environmental management
Section 9.3: Phases of IEM
SUGGESTED ANSWER
9.2 Meaning and objectives of integrated environmental management (IEM)
In 1984 the Council for the Environment established a committee to investigate a national
strategy through which environmental considerations could be integrated into the
developmental process. After an in-depth investigation, the committee recommended in
1989 that a national environmental policy be accepted that would both ensure the effective
protection of the environment and make provision for the controlled exploitation of the
environment by applying the principle of integrated environmental management (IEM). The
IEM procedure as proposed by the Council for the Environment was amended in 1992 by
the Department of Environmental Affairs after consultation with a wide variety of groups
(South Africa, Department of Environmental Affairs 1992).
The IEM is a comprehensive and systematic process to ensure that environmental
considerations are taken into account in decision making during all phases of the
development process. The aim is to collect and make available information on the possible
effects that a certain activity may have on the environment. On the grounds of this
information, a decision can be taken about whether or not that activity should proceed. In
certain cases, ways in which the effects on the environment can be reduced are also
considered. The IEM does not aim to hamper development, but to guide the development
process through the planning to the implementation phases in order to attain a balance
between development and conservation (SA Council for the Environment 1989; South
Africa, Department of Environmental Affairs 2015).
9.3 Phases of IEM
The IEM process occurs in three phases, namely:
Phase 1: proposal development and environmental impact assessment.
Phase 2: consideration of the proposal and decision making (approval or rejection of
the proposal).
Phase 3: implementation of the development proposal or the amended version.
Two key parties are involved in these three phases: the developer and the government.
The developer is an individual, organisation or institution (in the public or private sector)
who wishes to undertake a certain activity with the aim of making money, serving the
interests of a particular group or promoting general welfare. The government refers to local,
provincial or national governmental institutions that are responsible for approving or
rejecting a development proposal. In addition to these two role players, other parties may
6
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