Summary
Wave Motion Summary
- Course
- FSK 116 : Physics (FSK116)
- Institution
- University Of Pretoria (UP)
8 page summary on wave motion for FSK 116 (Physics for Engineering).
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WAVE MOTIONWave:
A disturbance traveling through a medium. Wave motion is the transfer of energy through
space without a transfer of matter.
Crest - a point at which the displacement of the element from its normal position is highest
Trough - lowest point
Looking at a string:
➔ Individual elements of the string are disturbed from
their equilibrium point
➔ As one element goes up, it pulls the next one up
➔ Each disturbed element of the string moves in the
vertical direction which is PERPENDICULAR to
direction of propagation
➔ No part of the string moves in direction of
propagation
➔ ∴transverse wave
Transverse Wave: displacement is perpendicular to the direction of travel; LIGHT WAVES
Longitudinal Wave: displacement is parallel to the direction of travel; SOUND WAVES
Properties:
➔ Wave Speed - how fast it travels through the medium
➔ Wavelength - the distance between two crests
➔ Frequency - the number of oscillations per second
➔ Amplitude - max displacement
➔ Intensity - depends on the energy the wave delivers
➔ Period - time interval required for an element of the medium to undergo a complete
cycle and return to its original position
, Doppler Effect:
the frequency and wavelength of a wave are shifted if there is relative motion between the
source and the observer of the waves.
A wave crest’s motion is governed by the properties of the medium.
➔ Nancy detects f+ which is higher than f0 (the natural frequency)
➔ Pablo detects f- which is lower than f0
➔ The frequencies heard by a stationary observer when the sound source is moving at
speed Vo is:
➔ The frequencies heard by an observer moving at speed v0 relative to a stationary
sound source emitting frequency f0 are
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