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PYC1502: PSYCHOLOGY IN SOCIETY
SUMMARY OF: A STUDENTS’ A-Z OF PSYCHOLOG
BY CAITLYN REBSTEIN
Stress Psychological science
Motivation Psychological work
Interpersonal relationships Self
Groups Social Issues
Psychological Programmes
,STRESS 1. STRESS: THE EFFECT OF STRESS 3. STRESS: PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY OF STRESS
1. PHYSICAL TENTSION: The higher the level of sympathic dominance= the higher basic tensi
1. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS & PERFORMANCE Those who have nervous systems that are parasympathically dominated= lower levels of b
Yerkes-Dodson law: When people become overly
stressed, their performance suffers 2. EMOTIONAL TENSION: High degree of autonomic homeostasis (a stable nervous system
2. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS & HEALTH tension. Low degree of autonomic homeostasis (labile nervous system) = high emotional te
Burnout: illustrates the motivational incapacity
of people who experience prolonged stress 3. PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL AROUSAL
Consists of physical arousal (the difference between our basic and our actual tension lev
2. STRESS: THE PROCESS OF STRESS situation). And psychological arousal (the difference between our feeling of no emotiona
1. GENERAL ADAPTION SYNDROME (GAS) feeling of emotional tension that we experience in a particular situation).
GAS- Hans Selye & has 3 phases Phase 1: Encountering potential stressors
2. THE CONTEXTUAL MODEL OF STRESS Categories of potential stressors:
Contextual stress mode by Jordaan (1) Universal Events; (2) Personal Events; (3)
1. Alarm & Mobilisation
2. Resistance 1. Encouraging potential stressors Phase 2: Performing a prim
3. Exhaustion 2. Performing a primary appraisal Event: Positive, negative, Neu
3. Experiencing stress Psychobiology & Psychosocia
4. Performing a secondary appraisal Phase 3: Experiencing Str
Based on 4 assumptions:
5. Apply coping strategies Heightened psycho-physiolog
Meaning gained through perception of indiv in situation.
Shared belief in what is stressful events. Phase 4: Performing a secondary appraisal:
Stressor negative/positive depending on situation. Factors depend on threatening/ negative & challe
Perception is key factor for contextualisation of event. Phase 5: Apply coping strategies:
(1)Problem-solving strategies; (2) Avoidance strategies; (3) Social suppor
, ELABORATION/EXPLANIATION:
MOTIVATION
#Psychosomatic disease: (Mind-body) Psychological factors 1. DIMENSIONS OF MOTIVATION:
influence physical damage in body / harmful changes in body. 1. MOTIVATION: NATURE OF MOTIVATED BEHAVIIOUR: Reasons for deliberate action:
#Response specificity: Response to stressors in a certain
physiological reaction pattern. 2. SOURCES OF MOTIVATION: 1) Conscious VS Unconscious
#Burnout: Subject to too much stress for a long period of
1) Biological Patterns of Behaviour 2) Intrinsic VS Extrinsic
time thus decline in performance levels. 2) Bodily Homeostasis
#Restricted Environmental Stimulation Therapy (REST): 3) Optimum Arousal
Restrict exposure to w ork-related interactions & issues.
4) Cognition
#Stressors: Physiological response to physical &
psychological demands.
2.1) Biological Patterns of Behaviour: instincts
#Labile nervous system: Balance betw een para-& sympathic
NS is easily disturbed./ low er degree of autonomic
Freud: instincts- motivation sex & aggression =
homeostasis. psychological gratification.
#Stable nervous system: High degree of autonomic Brain systems to adapt& survive in environment. 2.2) Bodily Homeostasis
homeostasis. (care,fear,rage,play,seeking system) drives Drive & Drive-reductio
#Emotional tension: Feeling/consciousness of tenseness in maintain homeostasis.
situation. Caused by physiological
2.3) Optimum Arousal:
Characteristic levels of physical arousal; High & deprivation results in a
arousal
low sensation seekers.
Maintain levels of arousal (by stimulation), not
homeostasis.
values 2.4) Cognition;
Personal, Social, Cultural valu
Extrinsically.
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