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ZOL2604 ASSIGNMENT 2 YEAR 2024 CALL
- Course
- ZOL2604 (ZOL2604)
- Institution
- University Of South Africa (Unisa)
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ZOL2604 FINAL 2022ASSESSMENT 2 (due on the 30th June 2022)
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, 1. The geology of the most cave systems explain to us how fossilization
occurred in the area, elaborate how this occurred. (10)
Fossilization, or taphonomy, is the process that occurs when plant and animal
remains are preserved in sedimentary rock. Fossilization occurs after an organism
dies and only affects hard body parts, such as bones and shells. Soft flesh, scales,
and feathers will not become fossils, although, imprints of these parts are sometimes
made. In order for fossilization n to occur three things must happen. First, an
organism dies. The body is usually rapidly buried d through erosion, silt layering, or
sinking into mud. Then, the body will decay. Some fossils are formed by
permineralization when mineral s from ―hard water‖ enter small pores and cavities of
dead organisms, and harden. Over the years thousands of fossils have been
discovered all over the world, helping researchers, historians, palaeontologists,
archeologists and other scientists learn more about prehistoric Earth.
Fossils are evidence of ancient life forms or habitats that have been preserved by
natural processes. The process of fossilisation takes thousands to millions of years,
and in order for the process to begin the plant or animal needs to be in the right
place at the right time, so to speak. The pressure of being buried helps to turn the
organism solid. Natural molds are formed when hard body parts, like shells, are
buried in sediment, such as mud or silt. Over time, the sediment hardens, and the
shell dissolves away, leaving a mold of itself.
There are two ways that paleontological resources can occur in caves. First, fossils
can be preserved within the cave-forming rock and may become exposed through
cave-forming processes. Second, fossils can accumulate within the cave and karst
features, such as in cave openings, sinkholes, and tubes. Caves, and to a certain
extent deserts, preserve fossil remains very well due to the evenness of the climatic
local environment. Fossils can be protected from extremes in weather (water, wind
and temperature) and climate as well as the disturbance of dead animal remains
from scavengers. For half a million years the caves acted as pitfall traps and
predator dens. Animals would fall in through a hole in the ground and not be able to
escape. Bones collected – layer upon layer, year after year – creating a rich fossil
record of the ancient animals that roamed the area.
2. Provide a descriptive statement on how hominids evolve speech and the
use of fire (10)
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