Background
Ruth Miller (1919 - 1969):
- South African poet known for:
- Beautiful, moving descriptions
- Theme of beauty and pain of life
- Addresses the weakness or vulnerability of physical creatures
- Including religious imagery and motifs
- Referring to a God that is indifferent to suffering
Penguin on the Beach: Analysis
Title:
- Description of a penguin on an unknown beach
- Could imply that oil spills are a problem all over the world (instead of one
specific beach)
Stranger in his own element,
Sea-casualty, the castaway manikin
Waddles in his tailored coat-tails. Oil
Has spread a deep commercial stain
Over his downy shirt front. Sleazy, grey,
It clogs the sleekness. Far too well
He must recall the past, to be so cautious:
Watch him step into the waves. He shudders
Under the froth; slides, slips, on the wet sand,
Escaping to dryness, dearth, in a white cascade,
An involuntary shouldering off of gleam.
Hands push him back into the sea. He stands
In pained and silent expostulation.
Once he knew a sunlit, leaping smoothness,
But close with his head’s small knoll, and dark,
He retains the image: Oil on sea,
Green slicks, black lassoos of sludge
Sleeving the breakers in a stain-spread scarf.
, He shudders now from the clean flinching wave,
Turns and plods back up the yellow sand,
Ineffably wary, triumphantly sad.
He is immensely wise: he trusts nobody. His senses
Are clogged with experience. He eats
Fish from the Saviour’s hands, and it tastes black.
Structure:
- 8 stanzas
- 3 lines each
- No formal rhyme scheme
- Enjambment (often running across stanzas)
- Emphasises certain words, especially those at the end of lines
- Creates a series of connected events which are at the same time
discrete descriptions
Theme:
- Unnatural effect of humankind on the natural world
Overall Tone:
- Melancholic or sad
E.g. “caualty”, “grey”, “shudders”, “pained and silent”, “wary”, “sad”
Figures of Speech:
- Sibilance is used throughout the poem
Stanza 1
PERSONIFICATION:
The penguin is Stranger in his own element, The penguin is out of place in the very
described in human environment in which he is supposed to feel
terms safe/comfortable
- The diction - His relationship with his environment is
reinforces the compromised
bird’s PARADOX: It seems impossible that the
displacement penguin would be a “stranger” in the very place
which causes where it should feel safe
the reader to - BUT oil spills have altered the sea (his
empathise with “element”) and thus he is wary of the ocean
the penguin
Sea-casualty, the castaway manikin Casualty: Someone/something killed or injured
or negatively affected by an accident/war/event
Sea-casualty: He is a victim of events
happening at sea
Manikin: A very small man
Coat-tails: The part below the waist at the back
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller liezlbroodryk. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R75,00. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.