Summary
Summary System Technolgies Notes|| IEB
- Course
- Information Technology/ IT
- Institution
- 12th Grade
This note pack includes a summary of the System Technologies topic for the IEB matric syllabus
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System
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
Computer Hardware: Refers to objects that you can actually touch,
such as disks, disk drives, display screens, keyboards, printers,
boards and chips.
Software is a collection of instructions that tell a computer how to
work
FUNCTIONS OF THE OPERATING SYSTEM
User interface
Load and run programs
Manage resources
Provide interface between hardware and software
INTERRUPTS
An interrupt is a signal from a device attached to a computer or
from a program within the computer that causes the main
program, the operating system, to stop and figure out what to do
next.
Hardware: In a personal computer a IRQ has a value associated
with it that associates it with a hardware.
Software: A software interrupt occurs when an application
program terminates or requests certain services from operating
system.
DATA VS. INFO
Data: Raw information that hasn’t processed yet.
Information: Information is data that has been processed in such a
way as to be meaningful to the person who receives it.
UEFI VS BIOS VS CMOS
UEFI: A specification for a software program that connects a
computers firmware to its operating system.
, BIOS: a set of computer instructions in firmware which control
input and output operations which contains set up code for the
system.
CMOS: A battery backed, volatile memory that stores
PRIMARY MEMORY
Registers: A component withing the CPU which temporarily solves
the instructions that are currently being processed
Cache: A component that stores data so that future requests for
that data can be served faster.
RAM: A type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly
SECONDARY MEMORY
Flash memory: A special type of Electrically Erasable
Programmable Read-only Memory (EEPROM), that can be erased
and reprogrammed in blocks instead of one byte at a time.
HDD: Mechanism that reads and writes data hard disk
SDD: Solid State drive with semi-conductor flash memory chips.
Cloud storage: A model of data storage data is stored in virtual
pools.
MOTHERBOARD COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS
Overclocking: Resetting some computer components so that it runs
faster than designed.
Registers: Register size indicates how much info the processor can
operate on.
Busses: the more signals that can be sent along that data bus, the
more data can be transmitted.
MODULAR DESIGN
A computer is made up of various parts that can be replaced,
upgraded and fixed easily.
Done in order to:
1. Simplify upgrading
2. Easier to replace broken parts
3. Flexible
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