These summaries from the oxford in search of history grade 11 learner textbook include information from videos produced by a history teacher as well as multiple visual stimulus to make it easier to understand.
Hi there
My summaries of these two units included a mixture of videos
and pages from the textbook as well as diagrams from the
internet.
Topic 3: Ideas of Race pg.81
• Unit 3.1: Pseudo-Scientific ideas of race
• Unit 3.2: Australia and indigenous Australians
• Unit 3.3: Nazi Germany and the holocaust
Xoxo
Miah
,Unit 3.1 Pseudo-scientific idea of race: Theories and
practice
Pseudo-scientific (Fake, artificial, imitation) ideas about race
that developed amount the Europeans in the late 19 th century,
they were not based on proper science but on prejudice
(fixed opinion formed without knowledge) and faulty theories.
The government developed racist policies and passed racist
laws.
Scientific racism
Developed new social studies- study human society,
behaviour, and customs.
They believed that social factors could be analysed and
classified. Humans could now be studied, and they would
classify them by:
1. Size of skull They measure heads and facial features and made
2. Size of lips and nose casts of people which were displayed in museums
3. Colour of skin (artificial native villages) this would be a way to
4. Texture of hair compare the industrialized world
They then developed a theory that humankind had different
races, this was then led to believe that there were different
mental abilities and they then started to conclude that there
were different characteristics of each race. This had a huge
impact as now Racist views were now supposedly based on
science.
Social Darwinism
, 1895 British scientist Charles Darwin published his theory of
evolution (the development of plant and animals from earlier,
simpler forms.) the animals species was continually evolving,
he thought that this would happen so that it could create a
better-adapted species. However Social Darwinism was based
on a Misunderstanding of Darwin’s theory, he believed that the
whole species was constantly evolving, he never suggested
that there were superior societies, cultures, orsurvival
races of the
They would apply this theory to humans, and fittest
it was
called social Darwinism. They believed that different human
races where at different stages of evolution and this explained
why there was unequal levels of technology in different parts of
the world.
They also believed that there was a hierarchy of races and
Europeans were most advanced because:
1. They had better technology
2. They had conquered most parts of the world
They used this to justify colonial expansion and that
Europeans had the right to take land and forces people to work
for them (seen as survival of the fittest) this was also applied to
their own society. Examples:
• People with physical disabilities where thought to have a
lower intelligent level and lower development level
• Working class people were less able than those from
upper classes
• In the USA they applied this to the ideas of capitalism and
successful businessmen that were better than poorer
workers.
Eugenics
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