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Botany assignment 2 year module
- Institution
- University Of South Africa (Unisa)
This is Botany research for the year module
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MODULE CODE: BOT2604ASSIGNMENT NUMBER:02
STUDENT NUMBER:
UNIQUE NUMBER:
Question 1
1.1
Inductive reasoning Deductive Reasoning
From a number of observations, a From a general premises, specific
general conclusion is drawn. results are predicted.
Observations, members of a species General premise, Individuals most
are not all the same. Individuals adapted to their environments are most
compete for resources. Species are likely to survive and pass their traits
generally adapted to their on to the next generation.
environment.
Conclusions, individual most adapted Predicted results, if the average
to their environment are more likely to temperature in an ecosystem increases
survive and pass their traits to the next due to climate change, individuals
generation. better adapted to warmer temperatures
will outcompete those that are not.
1.2 Descriptive science which is usually inductive aims to observe, explore and
discover while hypothesis-based science which is usually deductive begins with
a specific question or problem and a potential answer or solution that can be
tested.
1.3
1. Ask a question-scientific method to start when you ask a question about
something that you observe: how, why, when, who, which or where?
2. Do break ground research- this is possible by using the library or the
internet for research.
3. Construct a hypothesis- which is an educated guess about how things
work. It is an attempt to answer your question with an explanation that
can be tested.
4. Test your hypothesis by conducting an experiment-the experiment tests
should be accurate; it is important that it is a fair test.
5. Analyse your data and draw a conclusion-once the experiment is
complete, data is measured and analysed to see if it supports the
hypothesis.
, 6. Communicate the results-Results are communicated to others in a final
report,
Question 2
2.1 Eight characteristics of plants are response or sensitivity to the environment,
growth, reproduction, development, heredity, homeostasis, adaptation through
evolution and cellular organization.
2.2 Two indigenous plants in South Africa the acacia ataxacantha trees produce
tannin to defend themselves when they are grazed upon by animals. The
airborne scent of the tannin is picked by other acacia trees which then start to
produce tannin themselves as a protection from nearby animals. The Aloe plant
is also indigenous in South Africa, and it has adapted to habitats with low water
availability. Aloes adapt to this by using their tissues to store large amounts of
water. Aloe has thick and fleshly leaves, which are enlarged to accommodate
the aqueous tissues. The leaf cuticle is thick and covered with a layer of wax.
Question 3
3.1 Photosynthesis is a process whereby plants use sunlight, water, and carbon
dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.
Carbon dioxide (6CO₂ ) +water(6H₂ O) light Glucose (C₆ H₁ ₂ 0₆ ) +
oxygen(6O₂ )
3.2 Stage 1 of photosynthesis: Light reactions, in light dependent process which
takes place in the grana, the stacked membrane structure within chloroplasts, the
direct energy of light helps plants to make molecules that carry energy for
utilization in the dark phase of photosynthesis. The plant uses light energy to
generate the co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate or
NADPH and ATP, the molecules that carry energy, The chemical bonds in these
compounds store energy and are used during the dark phase.
Stage 2 of photosynthesis: Dark reactions, the dark phase takes place in the
stroma and in the dark when the molecules that carry energy are present is also
known as the Calvin cycle. The dark phase uses the ATP and NADPH
generated in the light phase to make C-C covalent bonds of carbohydrates from
carbon dioxide and water, with the chemical ribulose biphosphate, a 5C
chemical capturing the carbon dioxide. Six molecules of carbon dioxide enter
the cycle which in turn produces one molecule of glucose or sugar.
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