describes challenges during childhood, depression and anxiety during early adulthood.
resource availability and mitigation.
Arnett's theory of emerging adulthood
Development can be viewed as a life-long process, beginning before birth, and
ending with death (Louw & Louw, 2019). Early adulthood, as seen by Louw and Louw
(2019) spans from the ages of 20 to 39 years old. According to Jacob and Coetzee (2018),
mental health has a major impact on health at both the individual and the population level. It
was also noted that mental illness contributes significantly to the burden of disease within
South Africa (Jacob & Coetzee, 2018).
This academic essay will identify and describe the challenges that may arise during
the stage of early adulthood development, relating challenges to the biopsychosocial and life-
cycle forces. It will also consider factors that might exacerbate these challenges, considering
specifically the South African context. Additionally, it will consider what could be done to
mitigate the negative effects of these challenges, and lastly, discuss the theory which best
suites the identified challenges.
Mental Illness During Early Adulthood
Mental health, as seen by Jacob and Coetzee (2018) has had a major impact on health.
In a study done, showing common mental disorders in South Africa, the 12-month prevalence
of common mental disorders among young adults was 16.5%, the lifetime prevalence for any
disorder was 30.3%, the prevalence rate of anxiety was 18.9%, and added that 90% of people
who commit suicide have a psychiatric disorder at the time of their death (Jacob & Coetzee,
2018). Mental illness contributes vividly to the burden of disease in South Africa; however,
many issues are pertinent to under-resourced settings (Jacob & Coetzee, 2018). As shown by
Lee et al. (2014) one in five adolescents have a mental illness that will persist into adulthood,
and it was also noted that mental health costs worldwide, is the highest economic burden.
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