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Full Private Law 372 Summary (Contract Law)

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A full and comprehensive summary of all work covered in Contracts 372.

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  • September 7, 2022
  • 391
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary
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By: tylacoetzee12 • 4 months ago

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By: kylewillemse • 1 year ago

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Contents
1) The notion of contract ................................................................................................................ 6

Contract as an agreement to create enforceable obligations: ....................................................... 6

Agreement ................................................................................................................................ 7

Contract as a subset of the law of obligations ........................................................................... 11

Features of obligations ........................................................................................................... 11

Sources of obligations ............................................................................................................ 16

Development and sources of SA contract law ............................................................................... 20

Statutory law and the impact of the Constitution ...................................................................... 21

1) Statutory law of contract: not codified............................................................................. 21

2) Constitution ...................................................................................................................... 21

3) Customary law ................................................................................................................. 24

Underlying constitutional values of law of contract ...................................................................... 25

Bredenkamp v Standard Bank 2010 (SCA) (prescr) ................................................................. 26

Relationship between common law rules of contract and CPA..................................................... 28

CPA: purpose and interpretation: .............................................................................................. 28

Consensus = offer and acceptance ................................................................................................. 32

1) Making of the offer: ............................................................................................................. 32

Requirements of a valid offer: ............................................................................................... 32

Offer for reward ..................................................................................................................... 38

Termination of an offer: ......................................................................................................... 39

2) Acceptance of the offer: ....................................................................................................... 39

3) Breaking off negotiations ..................................................................................................... 44

4) Pacta de contrahendo .......................................................................................................... 46

1) Option contracts ............................................................................................................... 46

2) Preference contracts ......................................................................................................... 49

Contractual liability where there is no consensus: ......................................................................... 57

a) Mistake/ absence of consensus: ........................................................................................... 57

, 2


1) Material v non-material mistake ...................................................................................... 57

2) Relevant v irrelevant mistakes ......................................................................................... 65

3) Unilateral, common, and mutual mistake ........................................................................ 65

b) Liability in the absence of consensus: .................................................................................. 73

Theories of contractual liability: ............................................................................................ 73

Relationship between 2 approaches and 3 theories in practice .............................................. 76

Saambou-Nasionale Bouvereniging v Friedman 1979 SCA (prescr): ................................... 76

Doctrines that establish objective liability: ............................................................................ 77

c) Liability ito Consumer Protection Act ................................................................................. 89

Improperly obtained consensus: .................................................................................................... 91

Misrepresentation....................................................................................................................... 93

What are misrepresentations? ................................................................................................ 94

Remedies for misrepresentation: ......................................................................................... 100

Aedilitian remedies/ actions: ............................................................................................... 111

Statutory remedies: Consumer Protection Act..................................................................... 112

Misrepresentation as a defence: ........................................................................................... 113

Excluding liability for misrepresentation ............................................................................ 114

Duress: ..................................................................................................................................... 117

Modern requirements of duress: .......................................................................................... 118

Undue influence ....................................................................................................................... 126

Requirements: ...................................................................................................................... 126

Remedies:............................................................................................................................. 126

Origins: ................................................................................................................................ 128

Preller v Jordaan 1956 (A): .................................................................................................. 128

Commercial bribery: ................................................................................................................ 130

Plaaslike Boerderdienste v Chemfos 1986 AD: .................................................................. 131

Extel Industrial v Crown Mills (prescr): .............................................................................. 131

Further grounds for improperly obtained consent? .................................................................. 131

, 3


Values guiding the development of the common law on improperly obtained consent ...... 131

Unrecognised grounds: abuse of circumstances ...................................................................... 133

Beadica 231 CC v Trustees, Oregon Trust 2020 (5) SA 247 (CC) prescr .......................... 134

Contractual capacity .................................................................................................................... 136

Factors influencing lack of capacity ........................................................................................ 136

Persons with full contractual capacity ..................................................................................... 138

Formalities: .................................................................................................................................. 140

Formalities in electronic contracts: .......................................................................................... 141

Spring Forest Trading CC v Wilberry Ecowash 2015 SCA: .............................................. 142

Sources of formalities: ............................................................................................................. 144

1) Statutory formalities: ..................................................................................................... 144

2) Self-imposed formalities ................................................................................................ 152

Remedies:............................................................................................................................. 163

Requirements for validity of a contract ....................................................................................... 169

Possibility as a requirement for a valid contract ...................................................................... 169

initial impossibility, not supervening or making impossible through fault ......................... 169

Objective, not subjective impossibility:............................................................................... 170

Exceptions: liability despite impossibility ........................................................................... 171

Consequences of impossibilitiy ........................................................................................... 172

Certainty as a requirement for a valid contract: ....................................................................... 174

practical examples of how the rule works: .......................................................................... 175

consequences of uncertainty: ............................................................................................... 182

Legality .................................................................................................................................... 183

Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 183

Statutory illegality: .............................................................................................................. 183

Common law illegality: ....................................................................................................... 184

Specific examples of illegal contracts that are void ............................................................ 188

Contacts void for infringing public policy ........................................................................... 188

, 4


The consequences of illegality: ............................................................................................ 204

2) The content and operation of a contract ................................................................................. 209

Parties to a contract .................................................................................................................. 209

Multiplicity of parties .......................................................................................................... 209

Contracts and third parties ................................................................................................... 216

What must be performed? ........................................................................................................ 228

Obligations created by a contract ......................................................................................... 228

Types of terms in a contract ................................................................................................. 232

Proof and interpretation of terms: ........................................................................................ 255

Breach of contract .................................................................................................................... 263

Types of breach .................................................................................................................... 263

malperformance ................................................................................................................... 264

Anticipatory breach of contract ........................................................................................... 290

Breach of contract by the creditor ........................................................................................ 301

Remedies available for breach: ............................................................................................ 311

Transfer of obligations ................................................................................................................. 370

Cession ..................................................................................................................................... 370

Requirements: ...................................................................................................................... 370

Consequences of cession ..................................................................................................... 373

Termination of obligations........................................................................................................... 378

Termination by performance ................................................................................................... 378

Termination by agreement ....................................................................................................... 379

Termination by novation .......................................................................................................... 379

Termination by compromise/settlement .................................................................................. 380

Be Bop A Lula Manufacturing & Printing v Kingtex Marketing (Pty) Ltd 2008 (SCA)
prescr: ............................................................................................................................. 380

Termination by unilaterally exercising right of termination .................................................... 384

Termination of obligations by operation of law ...................................................................... 385

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