Pathologies of the urinary system summarised, includes images.
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•
Filters waste products from the blood Renal
Reabsorbs pelvis
•
water
& nutrients
•
Secrete excess substances in form of urine .
Medulla
Ureter
The kidney filters 190L Of
glomerular Renal fascia and cortex
blood each excreted
day Only .
1-21 is cortex
in the form of urine .
> 99% Of water reabsorbed into the tubular blood
formation starts in the glomerulus / capillaries with thin walls & large surface area )
Blood pressure in than in This
glomerulus is higher Bowman 's capsule surrounding it . causes
filtration of fluid which contains red blood lit nephron
no protein or cells is healthy ) .
Proceeds to tubule H2O and all the
proximal where larger amount of almost nutrients
are reabsorbed into the blood .
Keeps the osmotic pressure of the body constant .
hormone ( ADH ) in the
2 Hormones in control Antidiuretic =
post pituitary gland &
Aldosterone in the adrenal
glands .
from proximal tubule
,
fluid flows to the loop of Henle for reabsorption of H2O & salts .
Thereafter , concentrated urine is excreted .
Urine passes from collecting tubules into calyces
renal
,
then renal pelvis
& ureters into the
bladder lresevoir for urine !
Bladder : Can store ± 250mi urine in normal
a person .
If values where urine enter the bladder do not function =
vesicoureteval reflux .
Kidneys also produce red blood cells & control the blood pressure .
Rare condition 11 in 1000 births )
Before diagnosis exclude a non -
functional
,
'
other '
kidney or prior nephrectomy .
True renal
agenesis Ure ther :
& part of the
bladder is also missing .
Ultrasound & CT : solitary kidney is larger
than reflect
usual to compensatory
hypertrophy
Bilateral renal
agenesis
: when both kidneys E
o
fail to develop Often detected fetal
.
on s
fluid *
Ultrasound due to lack of amniotic *
(
Oligohydramnios ) .
E
Of babies will £
40-1 .
be stillborn ,
otherwise *
baby will only live a few hours .
E-
E
E
Supernumerary kidney ( 3rd kidney ) :
Usually small and
rudimentary
functions as normal ,
but causes secondary infections .
Thus it 's removed most of the times .
Hypoplastic kidney :
Miniature of normal
replica kidney .
Normal function
Must be differentiated from
acquired atrophic
kidney .
Small & contracted from vascular or inflammatory
disease .
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