1. What did the study by Solmi et al. find about the onset of psychopathology in youth?
34.6% onset before 14
48.4% onset before 18
62.5% onset before 25
2. What is used to differentiate normal behaviour from abnormal behaviour?
• Developmental norms
• Cultural norms
• Gender norms
• Situational norms
• Role of adults
• Changing views of abnormality
• Harm/interference
what is (ab)normal might be age dependent (e.g. biting)
3. Define developmental norms
• Typical raters of growth
• Sequences of growth
• Forms of physical skills, language, cognition, emotion, and social behaviour
4. Define cultural norms
Groups of people
• Are organised in specific ways
• Live in specific environments
• Share specific attitudes, beliefs, values, practices, and behavioural standards
5. What are the three different natures of abnormality?
• Emergence (when)
• Occurence (how much)
• Form (what)
6. How is abnormal behaviour classified?
1. Categories (discrete, yes/no)
2. Dimensions (continuous, high/moderate/low)
, Classifications must have interrater and test-retest reliability
7. What information must classifications contain to be valid?
1. Etiology
2. Course of development
3. Response to treatment
8. What are the two approaches to classifying abnormal behaviour?
1. Clinical approach (DMS, APA, ICD)
2. Empirical approach
9. What criteria does the clinical approach use to classify the existence of problematic behaviour?
• Clusters of symptoms
• Symptoms are persistent/recurrent/intense/excessive/unreasonable
• Symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in major life areas
10. What are the key characteristics of the clinical approach to classification?
• Clinician-derived
• Categorical
• Commonly used
• Changing conceptualization of disorders in young people
11. What are the criticisms of the clinical approach?
• Overdiagnosing behaviour
• Reliability varies
• Lacking clear evidence of validity
• De-emphasizing context
• Not enough attention to developmental and gender differences
• Disadvantages of categorical approach
12. What are the key characteristics of the empirical approach?
• Research-derived/statistics
• Behaviours that occur together: syndromes
• Dimensional (quantitative differences)
• Compare data from normative samples - different age ranges
13. What are the broadband vs narrowband dimensions of syndromes?
Broadband: internalising vs externalising
Narrowband: dimensions within broadband
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