Function of macromolecules is dictated by its shape (water gives shape)
Water
• Cells = Water + Macromolecules
• Tight regulated by hypothalamus & kidney function
• Fluid compartments:
1/3
60%=42l
2/3
-Ions provide electrolytes required by our body
-Bicarbonates ions (HCO3-) & Cl- interchange between RBC + plasma to preserve electroneutrality in plasma - important in buffering
-In interstitial fluid [anions] = [cations]
-Intracellular ions demonstrate buffering
-HCO3- + K+ = major buffers
• Structure of water:
► Polarised ∴ electric dipoles
► Asymmetrical (104.5o)
• How water bonds:
-Hydrogen bonding using cohesion or adhesion forces
-Occurs when H+ bonds to lone pairs of electronegative atoms (O, N, F)
-H bonds weaker than covalent bonds
-Require less energy than covalent bonds to break H-bonds
Biochemistry Page 1
, -Hydrogen bonding using cohesion or adhesion forces
-Occurs when H+ bonds to lone pairs of electronegative atoms (O, N, F)
-H bonds weaker than covalent bonds
-Require less energy than covalent bonds to break H-bonds
-Bonds with 3.4 water molecules (ambient temp.)
-Bonds with 4 water molecules (freeze temp.)
• Properties of water:
-energetic driving force (folding of proteins, formation of membranes using polarity
-chemical reagent
Hydrolysis : Compound + Water → Building Blocks A.K.A monomers (important in digestive reactions)
Dehydration : Building macromolecules
-pure water ionises to some degree in cells
Release of H+ into solution
Ionisation is very small e.g. only 1 out of 107 water molecules are ionised
Begins concept of pH
Explain law of mass action
Explain working out; [OH ions] = [H ions] because of
ratio, [H] squared
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