Theories of International Relations.
Realism + Idealism
Firstly
Why are theories used?
As a verification and revision of knowledge.
To provide simple explanations for complex issues.
In order to develop consistent batches of information.
Stimulate further research when certain ideas become outdated or inconsistent.
Realism: (theory of IR)
• Speaks to the lust for power humans inherently have.
• Humans are perceived to be egotistical, self-centered and self-interested.
• How the state behaves is based on the humans/ citizens of that state.
Classical realism:
Focuses on the lust for power as an inherent tendency for human beings.
Humans = egotistical, self-centered, self-interested.
Because the same egoistical and self-centered individuals govern the country, those
attributes manifest into the political arena and international relations is essentially
about power.
How the state behaves is based on the humans/ citizens of that state.
Structural Realism:
Accepts the nature of politics as dominated by a struggle for power and influence.
this is the result of the absence of an overarching authority in the international
system.
structural realism believes that states want to overpower at the states because there
is no government to govern the behavior of citizens.
there are no laws prohibiting any individual's movement.
Realism assumptions?
Statism:
Believes that states are the main actors of the world.
these states are sovereign and take nothing from any external agency or actor.
States are unitary actors. (Governed as a single entity and is the supreme authority)
States are rational actors. (Gov thinks of what works best for all in terms of money,
time etc.)
Recognizes non state actors however does not view them as important.
Survival:
Believes that the international system is anarchic because there is no government.
States strive for power, survival and security.
Power is defined primarily in military terms.
the power of the state may also be affected by geography, natural resources, military
capacity, population and the quality of diplomacy.
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