Acronym: a word made up of the initial letters of other words
Affirmative: asserting that the answer is “yes’’
Agents of action: people or institutions that take active steps to implement policies
or plans
Analysis technique: analysis is the process in which certain procedures, including
techniques, eg, descriptive statistic techniques are used to work through the data
that have been collected
Anonymity: not known by name
Archive: safe storage of documents and records
Assumption: a basic premise that we believe is true
Authenticity: genuineness
Bar chart: graph representing the frequency distribution of categorical data
Bias: prejudice or distortion
Bipolar: having two poles or extremes
Causality: that one thing leads to another — in our case, that the presence,
absence or change of one variable determines the presence, absence or change
of another variable
Coercion: forcing
Code of conduct: rule/s or law/s that regulate behaviour
Cognitive: knowing or mentally perceiving
Coherent: a research design that is coherent shows a unity of thought or purpose
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Confidentiality: can be defined as a researcher undertaking not to publicly link a
specific response or behaviour with a particular research participant
Consent: give permission
Consistency: giving consistent results
Control group: group that does not receive the treatment
Conventions: a general agreement regarding certain rules
Competency: the legal capacity to deal with a matter
Correlating: measuring the match between one thing and another
Correlate: an association between two or more variables, determined statistically
Correlation coefficient: index of the extent of the linear relationship between two
variables
Corroborated: confirmed
Classification: arrange in groups
Credibility: having a believable status
Criterion: principle or standard according to which something is judged
Critical approach: an approach to social science that emphasises the need to
uncover hidden processes and structures within society
Cumulative frequency: number of scores below (or above) a certain value
Data: information collected positivism
Deception: to be false, misleading or deceiving
Deduction: going from the general to the specific; using general principles to
suggest specific outcomes
Dependent variable: the variable that is influenced or changed; the effect
independent
Depersonalisation: losing one’s sense of identity
Descriptive statistics: mathematical techniques used to see underlying patterns of
data
Discrete: separate
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