DVA3705
EXAM PACK
FOR ASSISTANCE WITH THIS MODULE +27 67 171 1739
,DVA3705_May-June 2023 Exam
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS
May–June 2023 Exam
DVA3705
EMPOWERMENT AND POPULAR INITIATIVES
100 Marks
Duration 4 Hours
This paper consists of FOUR (4) pages.
Instructions:
This is a portfolio examination conducted on the myExams platform. As this is an open-book
examination, you must use your study guide and prescribed reading material (articles, e-
reserves, marked assignments and feedback). You should also consult and integrate material
from additional sources into your essays.
This module is USING the invigilator app: Please note that you should scan the QR Code as
soon as you have downloaded your question paper during the 15-minute download window before
the official exam start time per the timetable.
Follow the guidelines in Tutorial Letter DVAALLD/301 for essay writing, citation and
referencing. You must provide evidence-based arguments and acknowledge the sources of
your information by means of consistent and correct in-text references. Direct quotations
must be placed in inverted commas (“…”) with a page reference as explained in Tutorial Letter
DVAALLD/301. Please keep this tutorial letter (DVAALLD/301) at hand and read it carefully.
You can download the tutorial letter from the module site on myUnisa. It is available in
English, Sepedi, and isiZulu.
Plagiarism will be severely penalised. Your essays must be your own work, in your own
words. Group work will be equally penalised as will any form of copying from any student, or
any attempt to commit academic dishonesty. No hand-written exam answer scripts will be
accepted. No scanned-in exam answer scripts will be accepted. Only submit word-processed,
1
,DVA3705_May-June 2023 Exam
correctly PDF-converted scripts. Any unacceptable formats or corrupted exam answer files will not
be marked.
It's important to note that the Honesty pledge forms are no longer required to be completed
and submitted by the students. The system has been enabled to request students to confirm
their academic honesty pledge by clicking on the pledge before submitting their answer
scripts.
You have 4 hours in which to submit your portfolio on myExams. Please refer to the
Examination Tutorial Letter for DVA3705 and all announcements on the module site for instructions
on how to submit or upload the completed exam script online using the specific submission tool.
Answer any TWO questions below. Each essay should be a minimum of 1000 words and
maximum of 2000 words, excluding the cover page, honesty declaration. DO NOT include the
table of contents and list of references. Use Arial 12 point, 1.5 spacing. Your answer to both
questions as well as the Honesty declaration must be submitted as a single document in PDF
format. Each answer must be numbered accordingly.
Create a cover page with the following information:
• Your full name
• Your student number
• The module code
• The module name
• List the two questions you answered (for example, Question 2 and Question 3)
• The date of the exam
QUESTION 1
Evaluate the factors that contributed to the fall of Abahlali base Mjondolo social movement.
(50 marks)
Required Reading:
• Study Guide: Units 4, 7 and 8;
• Popular initiatives in development: Reader for DVA3705, 2016 o r E - r e s e r v e s –
contribution by Mdlalose (2014).
Assessment evidence shows that you can:
(i) Begin your discussion by highlighting that the Abahlali base Mjondolo movement is a social
movement that fights protects and promotes the dignity of the poor in South Africa (Mdlalose 2014:
36).
(ii) Highlight issues that the movement fought for, including for example human rights and housing
rights.
(iii) Proceed to highlight the factors that contributed to its fall, see Mdlalose (2014: 347 ff.)
(iv) Then evaluate how each of the factors weakened the Abahlali base Mjondolo movement.
QUESTION 2
This question consists of 5 sub-questions that carry a total of 50 marks and you must answer all of
them. Please number the questions according to the same number as in the question. You do not
2
, DVA3705_May-June 2023 Exam
have to write an introduction or conclusion. However, you must acknowledge the source of your
information by means of consistent and correct in-text citations.
(i) Explain what is meant by ‘popular initiatives in development’ (5 marks)
(ii) Explain how and why the neoliberal world economy is forcing many groups of people into
informal economic activities in South Africa (15)
(iii) Discuss the various types of informal sector activities in South Africa (10)
(iv) Outline the advantages and disadvantages of the informal sector (10)
(v) Discuss the potential of the informal sector to contribute to development in South Africa (10)
Required Reading:
• Study Guide: Units 3 and 5:
• Popular initiatives in development: Reader, 2016 or E-reserves– contributions by Meagher
(2011); Abor & Quartey (2010); and Lindell (2008).
Assessment evidence shows that you can:
(i) describe popular informal economic development initiatives (one obvious type is the
informal sector)
(ii) give reasons for the informal development initiatives’ emergence in the Global South in
general and South Africa in particular
(iii) discuss the various types of informal sector activities in South Africa
(iv) utline the advantages and disadvantages of the informal sector
(v) scuss the potential of the informal sector to contribute to development in South Africa
QUESTION 3
Analyse the contribution of women’s movements to development in Africa. Use relevant
examples to support your answer. (50 marks)
Prescribed reading:
• Study Guide: Units 4;
• Popular initiatives in development: Reader for DVA3705, 2016 o r E - r e s e r v e s –
Contributions by Bebbington, Mitlin, Mokgaladi, Scurrah and Bielich (2010); Berger (2014);
and Bhattacharjya, Birchall, Caro, Kelleher and Sahasranaman (2013)
Assessment evidence shows that you can:
• Explain what is meant by ‘popular initiatives’ in development
• Describe of women’s movements in Africa
• Outline the role played by women’s movements
• Evaluate how women’s movements have contributed to development in Africa
QUESTION 4
This question consists of 2 sub-questions that carry a total of 50 marks and you must do all of them.
In this question, you do not have to write an introduction. or conclusion. However, you must
acknowledge the source of your information by means of consistent and correct in-text citations.
3
