•The major leadership theories can be classified according to the following approaches:
•Behavioural approach
•Contingency approach
•Contemporary approach
Leadership Theories
Behavioral Approach
Includes leadership styles first described in 1930s:
1)Autocratic leadership—centralized decision making, with the leader making decisions and using power to command and
control others.
2)Democratic leadership—participatory; authority is delegated to others. The democratic leader uses expert power and the
power base afforded by having close, personal relationships to be influential.
3)Laissez-faire leadership—passive and permissive; the leader defers decision making.
Contemporary Approaches
•Transformational leadership theory is based on the idea of empowering others to engage in pursuing a collective purpose
by working together to achieve a vision of a preferred future.
Definition of Management
•Management
•Defined as a systematic process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling actions and resources to achieve
organizational goals
Defining Teams and Committees
Interprofessional team:
Composed of members with a variety of clinical expertise
Committee: A work group with a specific task or goal to accomplish
Types:
- Ad hoc (short-term goal)
- Standing (may be mandated by organizational bylaws)
- Advisory (reports back to a council or an executive)
Stages of Team Process
1)Forming
2)Storming
3)Norming
4)Performing
5)Adjourning
,Types of Budgets
- Operating budgets : account for income and expenses associated with day-to-day activity within a department or
organization.
- Capital budgets : account for the purchase of major new or replacement equipment.
- Construction budgets : are developed when renovation or new structures are planned.
Budget Preparation
* Budgets are generally developed for a 12-month period, or yearly cycle.
* Fiscal year is determined by the organization.
* Shorter- or longer-term budgets also may be developed.
Expenses
the costs of operating a business
Zero-based budgeting
is a process used to drill down into expenses by detailing every supply item and quantity of items used.
strategic plan
◦Defined as the sum total or outcome of the processes by which an organization engages in environmental analysis, goal
formulation, and strategy development with the purpose of organizational growth and renewal
Strategic Planning
◦Plans that apply to the entire organization, that establish the organization's overall objectives, and that seek to position
the organization in terms of its environment (DeCenzo & Stuart-Kotze, 2002)
Reengineering (business process reengineering)
◦Definition: the fundamental rethinking and redesign of the process under review to bring about radical and dramatic
improvements and increases in value.
Strategic planning
◦is a major component of business process reengineering.
A broad view of the organization's current environment
SWOT Analysis:
S - Strengths
W - Weaknesses
O - Opportunities
T - Threats
Mission Statement
a formal expression of the purpose or reason for existence of the organization
, Philosophy:
a value statement of the principles and beliefs that direct the organization's behavior
Vision:
provides a clear picture of what the future will look like; defines the key results achieved and goals that are to be
accomplished
Values:
may be formally stated and explicit, or may be implicit and part of the organizational culture
Benner's model acknowledges that practitioners can be expected to have acquired tasks, competencies, and
outcomes that are based on five levels of experience:
1)Novice
2)Advanced beginner
3)Competent
4)Proficient
5)Expert
Recognizing Moral Distress
The "4 A's" for addressing moral distress:
◦Ask—is there unease or discomfort with a situation that may be causing moral distress?
◦Affirm—affirm distress and commit to self-care
◦Assess—assess the source and severity of the moral distress (along with one's readiness to act)
◦Act—work toward a positive sustainable change
Ethical Theories
Ethical theories are systematic approaches that help to decide right from wrong.
three examples of ethical theories include:
◦Consequentialist—most important to maximize positive consequences and minimize the negative consequences
◦Utilitarianism—focuses on providing benefits to the greatest number
◦Deontology—focuses on duties or the means rather than focusing on the end to a goal
Principlism
A framework for considering ethical issues that includes the following guiding principles:
Respect for autonomy
Beneficence
Non-maleficence
Justice
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