Class notes
Human biology lecture notes
- Course
- Human Biology (HUB228)
- Institution
- University Of The Western Cape (UWC)
Human biology lecture notes about carbohydrate metabolism.
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Lecture 16Carbohydrate
metabolism
B Nursing II HUB228 2022
Dept. Medical Biosciences
University of the Western Cape
, Overview
Please revise HUB118 lecture 25 & 37
1) Dietary carbohydrates (CHO)
- clinical applications: colorectal cancer and lactose intolerance
2) CHO transport and phosphorylation
3) Glucose catabolism
- glycolysis, Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
- aerobic respiration
- anaerobic respiration, clinical application: liver cirrhosis
4) Glycogen anabolism and catabolism
5) Glucose anabolism
, Dietary CHOs
• carbohydrates (CHOs) (“sugars and starches”) are produced
during photosynthesis and ingested as part of our daily diet
• CHOs are found in most of the foods we eat and present in
different forms:
a) monosaccharides are simple sugars e.g. glucose, fructose and
galactose
b) disaccharides are formed by the joining of two monosaccharides
e.g. sucrose (glucose + fructose), maltose (glucose + glucose) and
lactose (glucose + galactose) or
c) polysaccharides are long chains of glucose linked together to
form starches (amylose and amylopectin in plants, glycogen in
animals) or cellulose, the principal constituent in plant cell walls
• within liver cells, monosaccharides such as fructose and galactose
are converted into glucose
• CHOs are an important source of energy as most cells generate
ATP from glucose
, Dietary CHOs
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