Summary
Practical exam summary
- Course
- ZEN 161 (ZEN161)
- Institution
- University Of Pretoria (UP)
a detailed practical exam summary with all the study outcomes and relative answers. Includes all 5 practicals.
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PRACTICAL EXAM SUMMARYPRACTICAL 1
Kingdom Protista
Phylum Euglenophyta
Euglena
three distinguishing characteristics of this organism Why is this organism regarded as
autotrophic
• Phytoflagellated Makes its own food (contain chloroplasts in order
• Autotrophic for photosynthesis to take place)
• Stigma covers photoreceptor @ base of
flagellum to allow orientate towards light
Phylum Euglenozoa
Trypanosoma
What diseases is caused by this parasite African sleeping sickness
Intercellular vs Intracellular parasite Intercellular: inhabiting spaces in the host’s body
Intracellular: inhabiting cells in the host’s body
Trypanosoma = intercellular parasite
Distinguishing characteristics of the parasite Zooflagellated
Undulating membrane
Common name and genus name of vector Glossina or tsetse flies
Where is it found in the vector Salivary glands
Host in life cycle Human
Where can it be found in the host Blood and body fluids
Phylum Amoebozoa
Amoeba
three distinguishing characteristics Have lobopodia for feeding and locomotion
Feed through phagocytosis
They have no shell (test) – “naked”
pseudopodia lobopodia
Phylum Sarcomastigophora
Foraminiferans (forams)
Exoskelton composed of Calcium carbonate
Found in Marine environments
What happens to dead organisms The tests sink to the bottom of the ocean
Pseudopodia Reticulopodia and filopodia
Phylum Apicomplexa
Plasmodium falciparum (Malaria Parasite)
Intracellular vs intercellular Intracellular parasite - has an apical complex that
recognizes and penetrates red blood cells
Distinguishing morphological characteristics in forms a characteristic ring stage when in red blood
blood cells, this can be used for diagnosis of malaria
common name and genus name of the definitive Anopheles mosquito
host
Where is it found in definitive host Salivary glands
Intermediate host Human
2 places found in intermediate host Liver
Red blood cells
, Phylum Ciliophora
Paramecium (Slipper animals)
Three distinguishing characteristics Cilia used for locomotion
Distinct cytostome or oral groove
Dimorphic nuclei present
Method of locomotion Cilia
‘Dimorphic nuclei’ one large macronucleus, one or more smaller micronuclei
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Ciliophora
1. Class Calcarea (Calcareous sponges)
2. Class Hexactinellida (Glass sponges)
3. Class Demospongiae (Bath sponges)
Three general characteristics of sponges Sessile filter feeders
No tissues/organs
Asymmetrical/radially symmetrical
Composition of spicules Calcareous sponges: CaCO3 spicules
Glass sponges: Silica spicules
Bath sponges: Silica spicules/sponging
Function of spicules Support
Three types of body forms in sponges Ascon
Sycon
Leucon
Phylum Cnidaria
Three general characteristics of cnidarians Diploblastic
Sac body plan
Radial/biradial symmetry
One type of cnidocyte and 2 functions Nematocyst (stinging cells) used for food gathering and
defense
3 functions of the gastrovascular cavity Digestion
Exchange of respiratory gases and metabolic wastes
Discharge of gametes
Distinguish Gonozooid: Reducing polyp
Gastrozooid: Feeding polyp
Dactylozooid: Defending polyp
Pneumatophore: Gas-filled sac serving as float
Class Hydrozoa
Hydra
Defense Specialised stinging cells called cnidocytes
Obelia
Life – cycle and prominent stage Life cycle: See attached
Prominent stage: Polyp
Two types of zooids found in polyp stage Gastrozooid and gonozooid
Physalia (Portuguese man-of-war)
Four types of zooids Gonozooid, gastrozooid, dactylozooid and pneumatophore
Movement of colony Pneumatophore used for floating
Class Scyphozoa
Aurelia (Jellyfishes)
Life – cycle and prominent stage Life cycle: See attached
Prominent stage: Medusa
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