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Grade 12 IEB Life science/biology strand 2: (2.1) Human Endocrine System summary R79,00
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Grade 12 IEB Life science/biology strand 2: (2.1) Human Endocrine System summary

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This aesthetic, in-depth, neatly typed document summarises 2.1 of strand 2 of the IEB grade 12 mind action series textbook: The Human Endocrine System. it includes the full 2.1 Endocrine system syllabus as well as additional class and research notes.

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  • November 29, 2022
  • 12
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Chemical coordination: Slow, prolonged process of communicating information through body by

chemicals (hormones), secreted by endocrine glands



Hormone: Organic substance (protein/steroid) secreted by endocrine gland and carried in

bloodstream to target organ to regulate metabolic reactions.



Target Organ: Specific cells that respond to a given hormone and have receptor sites for that

hormone.



Endocrine gland: Vascular, ductless gland that secretes hormones carried in bloodstream to target

organs

• Exocrine gland: Secretions carried in ducts eg. liver, salivary glands

• Endocrine gland: No ducts; secretions carried in bloodstream to target organs eg. adrenal glands



Endocrine glands in the body:

, 1) Hypothalamus:

Part of brain, above pituitary gland. Secretes ADH (Anti-diuretic hormone)

• Osmoreceptors in blood vessels of hypothalamus detect increase in osmolarity (low water levels)

of blood

• Hypothalamus responds & releases ADH

• Helps to conserve water if body is dehydrated; causes more water to be reabsorbed into blood

from kidney (less water lost as urine)



2) Pituitary gland - 'master gland':

• Chemical co-ordinator of other endocrine glands

• Attached to hypothalamus by a short stalk

• Secretes:

- TSH (thyroid stimulating hormine): Stimulates thyroid to secrete thyroxin

- FSH (follicle stimulating hormone): Stimulates oogenesis in ovary & spermatogenesis in testis

- LH (luteinizing hormone): Stimulates ovulation from ovary & formation of corpus luteum

- Prolactin: Stimulates production of milk in mammary glands after birth

- ACTH (adrenocarticotropic hormone): Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete cortisone and

aldosterone

- ICSH (interstitial cell stimulating hormone): Stimulates testis to secrete testosterone

- GH/STH (growth hormone/somatotrophic hormone): Promotes skeletal & muscular growth



Growth disorders:

• Hypersecretion: over secretion of hormone

• Hyposecretion: under secretion of hormone



• In prepubertal children:

- Hypersecretion of GH: Gigantism (caused by tumour in pituitary)

- Hyposecretion of GH: Pituitary dwarfism (can be treated with STH - synthetic growth hormone)

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