Complete samenvatting architecturale context AJ:22-23 door prof Gijsemans Dirk. Met foto's + alle nodige informatie. Beknopt om makkelijk te leren, maar toch grondig genoeg voor een goed eindcijfer! alle leerstof is verwerkt via lesopnames en cursus.
1 De revolutionairen en het Neoclassicisme.............................................................................................. 5
1.1 Historische kader en algemene kenmerken.......................................................................................... 5
1.2 De Revolutionairen ............................................................................................................................... 6
1.2.1 Etienne Louis Boullée (1728-1799) .................................................................................................. 6
1.2.2 Claude Nicolas Ledoux ..................................................................................................................... 7
1.3 (Neo-)classicisme .................................................................................................................................. 8
1.3.1 Frankrijk: de periode van La Gloire .................................................................................................. 9
1.3.2 België ............................................................................................................................................. 10
1.3.3 Gent ............................................................................................................................................... 10
2 Neostijlen, Eclecticisme en Vroege architectuur van ijzer en glas ......................................................... 11
2.1 Historisch kader en algemene kenmerken.......................................................................................... 11
2.2 Diverse Neostijlen en Eclecticisme ...................................................................................................... 13
2.2.1 Frankrijk ......................................................................................................................................... 14
2.2.2 Italië ............................................................................................................................................... 14
2.2.3 België ............................................................................................................................................. 14
2.2.4 Gent ............................................................................................................................................... 15
2.3 Neogotiek ........................................................................................................................................... 15
2.3.1 Engeland ........................................................................................................................................ 15
2.3.2 Frankrijk ......................................................................................................................................... 16
2.3.3 België ............................................................................................................................................. 16
2.3.4 Gent ............................................................................................................................................... 16
2.4 Ambachtelijk Rationalisme ................................................................................................................. 17
2.4.1 Nederland - Hendrik Petrus Berlage .............................................................................................. 17
2.5 Vroege architectuur van ijzer en glas ................................................................................................. 17
2.5.1 De hallen en galerijen of passages ................................................................................................ 17
2.5.2 De stations ..................................................................................................................................... 18
2.5.3 De wereldtentoonstellingen .......................................................................................................... 19
2.5.4 De fabrieken .................................................................................................................................. 19
3 Art Nouveau, Jugendstil, Mackintosch Style, Modernismò, Weense Sezession, Art Déco ..................... 20
3.1 Historisch kader en algemene kenmerken.......................................................................................... 20
3.2 Art Nouveau & Jugendstil ................................................................................................................... 20
3.2.1 Art Nouveau in België .................................................................................................................... 20
3.2.2 Art Nouveau in Frankrijk, Hector Guimard .................................................................................... 22
3.3 Charles Rennie Mackintosch............................................................................................................... 22
3.4 Modernismò ....................................................................................................................................... 23
3.4.1 Antoni Gaudì .................................................................................................................................. 23
3.4.2 Antonio Gaudì zijn werken ............................................................................................................ 23
3.5 Weense Sezession ............................................................................................................................... 25
3.5.1 Otto Wagner .................................................................................................................................. 25
3.5.2 Joseph Maria Olbrich ..................................................................................................................... 26
Samenvatting Architecturale Context 1
, 3.5.3 Josef Hoffman ................................................................................................................................ 26
3.6 Art Déco .............................................................................................................................................. 26
3.6.1 Vroege Art Déco ............................................................................................................................ 26
3.6.2 Modernistische Art Déco ............................................................................................................... 26
3.6.3 Ontwikkeling van Art Déco in de VS .............................................................................................. 27
4 Vooroorlogs Modernisme .................................................................................................................... 28
4.1 Historisch kader en algemene kenmerken.......................................................................................... 28
4.2 Adolf Loos ........................................................................................................................................... 28
4.3 De Stijl ................................................................................................................................................ 28
4.3.1 Invloeden en kenmerken van De Stijl ............................................................................................ 29
4.4 Le Corbusier ........................................................................................................................................ 30
4.4.1 Algemeen....................................................................................................................................... 30
4.4.2 Maison Dom-Ino en Maison Citrohan ........................................................................................... 32
4.4.3 De Ville Contemporaine en het pavoljoen ‘L’Esprit Nouveau’ op de internationale tentoonstelling
in Parijs, 1925............................................................................................................................................... 32
4.4.4 Villa de Monzie (Maison Stein), Garches, 1927 ............................................................................. 33
4.4.5 Villa Savoie, Poissy, 1921 – 1931 ................................................................................................... 33
4.4.6 Maison Guiette, Antwerpen, 1926 ................................................................................................ 33
4.5 Bauhaus .............................................................................................................................................. 34
4.5.1 Ontstaan van het Bauhaus ............................................................................................................ 34
4.5.2 Programm des Staatliches Bauhaus in Weimar (1919) ................................................................. 34
4.5.3 Bauhaus te Weimar (1919-1925)................................................................................................... 34
4.5.4 Bauhaus in Dessau (1925-1930) .................................................................................................... 35
4.5.5 Bauhaus onder Hannes Meyer (1928-1930) .................................................................................. 36
4.5.6 Bauhaus onder Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe (1930-1932) .............................................................. 36
4.6 Frank Lloyd Wright ............................................................................................................................. 36
4.6.1 Prairie Houses (1900-1920) ........................................................................................................... 37
4.6.2 Openbare gebouwen (1910-1920) ................................................................................................ 38
4.6.3 Wright in de jaren ‘20 .................................................................................................................... 38
4.6.4 Wright vanaf de tweede helft van de jaren ‘30 ............................................................................. 39
4.7 Nieuwe Zakelijkheid en International Style ........................................................................................ 39
4.7.1 De Weißenhofsiedlung .................................................................................................................. 40
4.7.2 Walter Gropius en Marcel Breuer ................................................................................................. 40
4.7.3 Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe ............................................................................................................ 41
4.7.4 International Style in Scandinavië ................................................................................................. 41
4.7.5 International Style in de VS ........................................................................................................... 42
4.7.6 International Style in België........................................................................................................... 42
4.8 Italiaans Rationalisme ........................................................................................................................ 42
5 Naoorlogs Modernisme, structuralisme en Brutalisme ......................................................................... 43
5.1 Historisch kader en algemene kenmerken.......................................................................................... 43
5.2 Le Corbusier ........................................................................................................................................ 43
5.2.1 Unité d’habitation, Marseille, 1947-1952...................................................................................... 43
5.2.2 Bedevaartkapel Nôtre-Dame-du-Haut, Ronchamp, 1950-1954 .................................................... 43
5.2.3 Klooster La Tourette, 1960 ............................................................................................................ 44
5.2.4 Regeringsgebouwen Chandigarh, India, 1952-1964 ...................................................................... 44
5.3 Mies Van der Rohe ............................................................................................................................. 44
5.3.1 Seagram Building in New York (1958) ........................................................................................... 44
5.4 Frank Lloyd Wright ............................................................................................................................. 45
Samenvatting Architecturale Context 2
, 5.5 Structuralisme .................................................................................................................................... 45
5.5.1 Herman Hertzberger...................................................................................................................... 45
5.5.2 Organische architectuur ................................................................................................................ 46
5.6 Brutalisme .......................................................................................................................................... 46
5.6.1 Alison en Peter Smithson............................................................................................................... 46
5.6.2 Louis I. Kahn................................................................................................................................... 46
5.6.3 Le Corbusier ................................................................................................................................... 47
5.6.4 Léon Stynen ................................................................................................................................... 47
5.6.5 Juliaan Lampens ............................................................................................................................ 47
6 Kritisch regionalisme en postmodernisme ........................................................................................... 48
6.1 Historisch kader en algemene kenmerken.......................................................................................... 48
6.2 Kritisch regionalisme .......................................................................................................................... 48
6.2.1 Jorn Utzon...................................................................................................................................... 48
6.2.2 Tadao Ando ................................................................................................................................... 48
6.2.3 Mario Botta ................................................................................................................................... 49
6.3 Post-Modernisme ............................................................................................................................... 50
6.3.1 Theoretische achtergrond van het postmodernisme .................................................................... 50
6.3.2 Robert Venturi ............................................................................................................................... 51
6.3.3 Charles Moore ............................................................................................................................... 51
6.3.4 Michael Graves .............................................................................................................................. 52
6.3.5 James Stirling ................................................................................................................................. 52
6.3.6 Ricardo Bofill.................................................................................................................................. 52
6.3.7 Aldo Rossi en de “archetypes van het collectief geheugen” ......................................................... 53
7 Deconstructivisme, High- Tech en Nieuwe Eenvoud ............................................................................. 54
7.1 Historisch kader en algemene kenmerken.......................................................................................... 54
7.2 Deconstructivisme .............................................................................................................................. 54
7.2.1 Theoretische achtergrond van het deconstructivisme .................................................................. 54
7.2.2 Frank Owen Gehry ......................................................................................................................... 55
7.2.3 Bernard Tschumi............................................................................................................................ 56
7.2.4 Peter Eisenman .............................................................................................................................. 56
7.2.5 Daniel Libeskind ............................................................................................................................. 56
7.2.6 Rem Koolhaas/OMA ...................................................................................................................... 57
7.2.7 Zaha Hadid ..................................................................................................................................... 58
7.2.8 Coop Himmelblau .......................................................................................................................... 58
7.3 High-Tech ........................................................................................................................................... 58
7.3.1 Renzo Piano en Richard Rogers ..................................................................................................... 58
7.3.2 Norman Foster............................................................................................................................... 59
7.3.3 Richard Rogers ............................................................................................................................... 59
7.4 Neomodernisme & Nieuwe Eenvoud .................................................................................................. 59
7.4.1 Richard Meier ................................................................................................................................ 60
7.4.2 John Pawson .................................................................................................................................. 60
7.4.3 Robbrecht & Daem ........................................................................................................................ 60
7.4.4 Stéphane Beel ................................................................................................................................ 60
7.4.5 Georges Baines .............................................................................................................................. 61
7.4.6 Eugène Liebaut .............................................................................................................................. 61
7.4.7 Marie-José Van Hee ....................................................................................................................... 61
8 Actuele architectuur ............................................................................................................................ 62
8.1 Historisch kader en algemene kenmerken.......................................................................................... 62
8.2 Richard Rogers ................................................................................................................................... 62
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